环状RNA在肿瘤中的研究进展

Research Progress of Circular RNAs in Carcinomas

环状RNA（circ RNA）是一类不同于线性RNAs,可形成共价闭锁环结构,在哺乳动物体内具有巨大基因调控功能的非编码RNAs,其主要来源于外显子或内含子,经索尾插接或套索内含子方式产生,具有数量巨大,进化保守、在细胞质中稳定性高等特点,具有micro RNA分子海绵、结合RNA相关蛋白形成RNA-蛋白质复合物和基因转录调控等作用。Circ RNA可与肿瘤相关的mi RNA形成circ RNA-mi RNA轴参与肿瘤相关信号通路的调控。全文从circ RNA的种类、成环机制、功能及其在肿瘤中的作用及最新进展等方面作一综述。

Circular RNAs（circ RNAs） are a large class of RNAs which can form covalently closed continuous loops and act as gene regulators in mammals. The circ RNAs are mainly generated from exons and introns by back splicing or lariat introns. They are enormously abundant,evolutionally conserved and relatively stable in cytoplasm. Circ RNAs can function as micro RNA sponges,binding to RNA-associated proteins to form RNA-proteins complexes and modifiers of genetic transcription. Importantly,circ RNAs interact with cancer-related mi RNAs and the circ RNA-mi RNA axes play a vital role in cancer-related pathways. This article aims to review the latest research progress on the classification,mechanism of cyclization,functions of circ RNAs and its roles in cancer.