上海市黄浦区理发店从业人员手部皮肤的防护措施与实施情况

Protective measures of hand skin and implementation among hairdressers in Huangpu District of Shanghai

目的了解上海市黄浦区理发店中各类手部皮肤防护用品、防护管理措施的配套及具体实施情况,探讨存在的问题及干预建议。方法采用随机抽样方法抽取上海市黄浦区170家理发店,开展入店问卷调查并结合现场查看。问卷主要内容包括防护用品配备及使用情况,防护培训开展情况,人员招聘管理工作,发用产品质量管理工作。调查数据整理后进行描述分析,获取被调查理发店手部皮肤防护用品的种类和各工种从业人员防护用品的使用情况以及防护管理措施的实施情况。结果收集获得157份有效问卷。手部皮肤的主要防护措施包括穿戴手套、围兜或工作服阻隔发用品及水的接触,采用洁手、干手用品去除发用品及水在手部滞留,涂抹护手霜护理手部皮肤。被调查理发店以上各类防护用品中除工作服配备率不足65%外,其余各种的配备率均在90%以上。提供防护用品的理发店中防护措施的实施率在不同工种间存在差异,低于20%的理发店中洗发、剪发、吹发工种使用手套、围兜进行防护,而88%以上的理发店中染发、烫发工种使用手套、围兜加以防护;剪发工种工作服的穿着情况较差,仅36.8%的理发店中剪发工种人员全部穿着工作服。防护用品使用细节上,发现重复使用手套、使用消毒液等重型清洁产品洗手、使用顾客干发用毛巾干手等存在卫生安全隐患的操作方式。在防护管理方面,开展手部皮肤防护培训的理发店仅占被调查理发店的24.8%,其手套使用情况优于未开展皮肤防护培训的理发店,特别是烫发工种。74.5%的理发店有意识地关注应聘者的皮肤健康,但在员工发生明显的手部皮炎时,仅23.6%理发店采取更换患病员工岗位的方式处理。尚有21.0%的被调查理发店未严格把关发用产品质量。结论上海市黄浦区理发店防护措施的执行率有待提高,防护管理工作有待加强。建议通过加强职业技校在读期间和工作实践中专业化、规范化的防护培训,不断提升从业人员的防护意识和防护知识技能;建议卫生监管部门形成理发店防护用品、防护措施、防护管理的执行标准或指导手册,指导理发店业主及从业人员科学有效的开展手部皮肤防护。

[Objective]To obtain the implementation of protective measures to protect the hand skin of hairdressers in Huangpu district of Shanghai,explore the problems during the operation and put forward some intervention suggestions.[Methods] Through random sampling,170 barbershops were recruited in Huangpu district,questionnaire survey and on-site checking in the barbershops were carried out. Questionnaire mainly contains supplies for protective equipment,implementing of protective measures,vocational training or skin protection training,recruitment management of staff,quality management of hair products.Descriptive statistics of the survey data was applied to analyze the status of occupational protection. [Results] A total of 157 valid questionnaires were collected. The main measures for hand skin protection included using gloves,aprons or overalls to prevent hair care products and water from reaching the hands and body,washing and drying hands to remove hair care products and water from the hands,applying hand cream to care hands skin. Protective equipments such as gloves,aprons,liquid soap,drying hand tools were supplied by more than 90% barbershops,but overalls were supplied by less than 65% barbershops. Implementing of protective measures had some differences in different type of job. In less than 20% barbershops,employees engaged in hair washing,hair cutting,and hair blowing used gloves or aprons during the work. In more than 88% barbershops,employees engaged in hair dyeing or perm used gloves or aprons during the work. Only in 36.8% barbershops,all of the employees engaged in hair cutting wore overalls. Some operating details such as using gloves repeatedly,washing hands with disinfectant,drying hands with the towel for customers,would threat the health of hands and need to be changed. 24.8% barbershops had organized training containing hand skin protection knowledge. In these 24.8% barbershops,gloves usage was superior to those without hand skin protection training,especially in hair perm. Managers of the 74.5% barbershops paid attention to the candidate＇s skin healthy,but when employees had obvious hand dermatitis,only 23.6% barbershops provided choices for the sick employees to change their work type. 21.0% barbershops didn＇t strictly manage the quality of the hair products. [Conclusion] The implementation of measures and management to protect hand skin of the hairdressers in Huangpu district of Shanghai should be enforced. To improve personnel protective consciousness,knowledge and skills,strengthening occupational safety and health education during vocational technical school and working practice are necessary. Health authorities may offer protection guidelines or manual to direct hairdressers and managers how to protect hand skin scientifically.