政策过程视角下私人志愿组织参与美国对外援助政策研究——以美国凯尔为例

A Study on the Participation of Private Voluntary Organizations in US Policy for Foreign Aid from the Perspective of Policy Process——The Case of CARE USA

作为在美国国际开发署注册的私人志愿组织,美国凯尔不仅提供对外援助服务,而且采用各种策略影响美国政府对外援助政策的决策过程。本文运用政策过程理论分析了美国凯尔在对外援助政策议程设置、政策制定、政策执行和政策评估阶段作为倡导者、信息提供者、项目实施者、问责和监督者对美国政府对外援助政策的影响。综观美国政府对外援助政策的决策过程,美国凯尔的政策影响力已经渗透到对外援助决策中。但是,由于美国政府对外援助政策具有两面性,美国凯尔在参与对外援助政策议程设置、政策制定、政策执行和政策评估过程中所发挥的直接影响力是有限的。

As a private voluntary organization registered with the United States Agency for International Development,CARE not only provides foreign aid services,but also employs various strategies to influence the decision-making process of the US government's foreign aid policy.This paper uses a theory of policy process to analyze the US CARE's influences on the U.S.government's policy for foreign aid as an advocate,information provider,project implementer,accountability demander,and supervisorin the processes of the policy agenda setting,policy formulation,policy implementation,and policy evaluation in terms of the policy of foreign aid.Taking an overview of the decision process of the U.S.government's foreign aid policy,CARE's influence on policy has infiltrated into the decision-making of foreign aid.However,due to the two-sided nature of the U.S.government's foreign aid policy,CARE's direct influence on the foreign aid policy agenda setting,policy formulation,policy implementation,and policy evaluation is limited.