中国双边投资协定实践分析与新一代双边投资协定战略定位

An Analysis of the Practice of China's Bilateral Investment Agreements and the Strategic Position of the New Generation of Bilateral Investment Agreements

双边投资协定作为管理经济发展水平各异的国家间投资关系的主要工具,被认为是保护外国投资者最重要和最有效的方式。中国于上世纪80年代开启双边投资协定实践时,对外投资规模十分有限,并无保护海外投资的强烈需求。通过对中外双边投资协定体系进行全景式分析后,本文认为,双边投资协定作为配合中国对外投资政策演变的国际法实践,早期主要用于向国际社会表明中国开始融入世界经济以吸引外资、追随规则先行者和提升"负责任大国"形象。随着中国进一步融入全球经济,"走出去"步伐加快,中国的双边投资协定实践开始注重保护海外投资,促进构建开放型经济新体制。但就实践效果来看,当前中外双边投资协定滞后于中国在世界投资格局中的身份变化,在保护投资者和确保东道国公共管理权方面亟待完善。中国新一代双边投资协定应立足于中国兼具资本输入和资本输出大国的双重身份,服务于我国改革目标和现实需要。随着中国经济实力进一步壮大,中国应在新一轮全球贸易投资规则重构中发挥更积极作用。

As a major instrument for managing investment relations among countries with different levels of economic development,bilateral investment agreements(BITs)are considered to be the most important and effective way to protect foreign investors.When China put BITs into practice in the 1980s,the scale of its outbound investment was very limited and there was no strong need for China to protect its overseas investment.After making a comprehensive analysis of the system of bilateral investment agreements between China and foreign countries,this paper believes that the BITs are used as an instrument of international law practice in line with the evolution of China's foreign investment policy.It was mainly used in the early stages to show the international community that China has begun to integrate into the world economy to attract foreign investors,follow the forerunners of the rules,and promote the image of a"responsible power".As China has further integrated into the global economy,the pace of"going out"has accelerated,and China's practice of BITs has begun to focus on protecting its overseas investment and promoting to establish a new system of an open economy.However,as far as the practical effect is concerned,the current bilateral investment agreements between China and foreign countries lags behind the change in China's status within the world's investment configuration,and it needs to be improved in terms of protecting investors and ensuring the rights of public management of host countries.China's new generation of BITs should be based on China's dual status both as a capital importing and capital exporting powerhouse,serving China's reform goals and practical needs.