聚焦养老机构老年人心理健康:现状与服务模式的建立——基于老年人认知与抑郁状态的评估调研

Focusing on the Elderly's Mental Health in Senior Care Agencies:the Current Situation and the Establishment of a Service Mode——Based on an Assessment of the Elderly's Cognitive and Emotional Status

基于对613名老年人认知功能和情绪状态的调研,探讨养老机构开展老年人心理健康的服务模式。结果发现,养老机构老年人有不同程度抑郁症状的占57.6%,其中轻度抑郁症状占54.2%。不同抑郁症状老年人的认知水平有显著差异,轻度抑郁症状得分者的各项认知状况最差,无抑郁、中重度抑郁老年人在各项认知能力得分上均无显著差异。养老机构老年人心理健康水平不容乐观。老年人的认知能力与抑郁情绪并非线性关系,其心理健康还受到文化程度、年龄、躯体状况等因素影响。从养老机构心理健康服务平台、常态化筛查评估、"个性化"分层分类服务方式、拓展社会资源四个方面,阐述加强养老机构心理健康服务工作的建议及措施。

Based on a survey of 613 old people＇s cognitive functions and emotional status, this paper tries to explore a way to develop a mental health service model in elderly care agencies. Results demonstrate that 57.6% of the elderly in these agencies suffer from depressive symptoms, of which54.2% show mild symptoms. Significant differences exist in cognitive levels among older adults with different depressive symptoms. Cognitive status of the elderly with mild symptoms is the worst; there is no marked difference between mentally-healthy older persons and those who suffer from moderate or major depressive symptoms. The above indicates that the mental health condition of the elderly in elderly care agencies is not optimistic. The elderly＇s cognitive skills and the level of depressive symptoms show a non-linear relationship; they are also affected by educational levels, age, physical conditions, etc. This paper then proposed some suggestions on enhancing mental health service in eldercare agencies from four aspects： developing a mental health service platform, taking regular screening and assessing measures, providing tailored and classified service, and striving for more social resources.