摘要
The urbanization is the spatial shift of the population, production and life elements. Road transport facilities are one of the necessary conditions for urbanization. The progress and scale of urbanization depend on means of transportation and its technological advancement in large part. Road traffic accidents are the derivatives of means of transportation, increasing the obstruction and costs of urbanization. The perfection of the legal status of the Social Assistance Fund for the Injured of Road Traffic Accidents facilitates protecting the injured, diminishing the negative effects of urbanization and elevating social well-being. By comparative study, it is believed that the external manifestation of the Social Assistance Fund is its form of organization, including the legal persons and non legal persons. The aim and function of the Social Assistance Fund determine that it possesses legal person status. By empirical study, it is revealed that the legal status of the Social Assistance Fund in the provinces of China presents titular legal persons and non-legal persons with the characteristics of ＂loose-knit＂ ＂loose-knit and trusteeship ＂ and ＂highly concentrated power and responsibilities＂ The conclusion of the study demonstrates that these models run counter to the requirements of urbanization and in the respect of the assistance to the injured of road accidents; the system has a myriad of defects. The system of the Social Assistance Fund should be improved, and the countermeasures are as follows： China should establish a uniform system of the Social Assistance Fund and stipulate that the form of organization of the Social Assistance Fund should be the ＂foundation as legal person ＂ and the inner governance structure should be strengthened.
人口、生产与生活要素的空间位移是城镇化表现,道路交通设施是城镇化的必要条件之一,道路交通事故是城市化进程伴随的重要问题,增加了城镇化的阻力与成本。完善道路交通事故社会救助基金法律地位,有助于加强受害人保护、降低城镇化的负面效应、提升社会福祉。通过比较研究,认为"救助基金"法律地位的外在表现形式是其组织形式,包括法人与非法人组织,而救助基金的宗旨与功能决定其应具有法人地位。通过实证研究,揭示了中国各省救助基金法律地位呈现出"松散型"、"松散+托管型"、"权责高度集中"非法人型、有名无实的法人型,研究结果表明这些模式与城镇化的要求背道而驰,在救助交通事故受害人方面,存在诸多制度缺陷,需要通过完善制度构成来解决。据此建议,中国应建立统一的道路交通事故社会救助基金制度,应规定救助基金的组织形式是财团法人,加强其内部治理结构设置。
