河北省沧州市强化免疫前后麻疹流行特征对比分析

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of measles cases before and after supplementary immunization in Cangzhou City of Hebei during 2009-2016

目的了解沧州市2009-2016年麻疹病例的流行特征,为制定和完善麻疹防控措施提供科学依据。方法运用描述流行病学方法对沧州市2009-2016年麻疹疫情及监测资料进行统计分析。结果沧州市麻疹平均发病率由麻疹疫苗强化免疫前的27.43/10万(2009年和2010年)下降至近几年(2011-2016年)的4.76/10万,一直维持在较低发病水平。病例主要集中在学龄前儿童,8月龄~4岁幼儿病例约占一半(46.98%),以散居儿童为高发人群;其次是8月龄以下幼儿(24.51%)和20~岁人群(21.80%)。男女性别比为1.79∶1。高发地区集中在南皮县、泊头市、河间市、献县、沧县。发病季节集中在3~5月,高发年份可扩大至2~6月。结论加强麻疹疫情监测,提高麻疹类疫苗接种率和及时率,保持高水平的人群免疫力,是阻断麻疹传播的根本措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles cases in Cangzhou during 2009-2016,and to provide scientific basis for the development and improvement of measures to prevent and control measles. Methods The data of measles cases during 2009-2016 in Cangzhou were collected and analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method. Results After the supplementary immunization of measles vaccine,the prevalence of measles was reduced from 27. 43/100 000(in 2009 and 2010） to 4. 76/100 000(in 2011-2016） and maintainded at low level in recent years. Most measles cases were preschool children and nearly half(46. 98%） of them were from 8 months old to 4 years old. Most cases were children who live scattered,followed by infants who were less than 8 months old(24. 51%） and adults who were 20 or older(21. 80%）. The sex ratio was1. 79∶ 1. The high prevance areas were counties of Nanpi,Botou,Hejian,Xian County and Cang County. Cases were prevalent between March and May,and could extend to between February and June in high prevalent years. Conclusion Strengthening the monitoring of measles epidemic,improving vaccination rates as well as timeliness ratio,and maintaining a high level of immunity of population are fundamentals for preventing measles epidemic.