2008-2017年浙江省建德市布鲁氏菌病监测结果分析

Surveillance for brucellosis in Jiande,Zhejiang,2008-2017

目的对浙江省建德市10年布鲁氏菌病(布病)疫情监测情况分析,为制定下一步防治对策提供依据。方法采用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验对牛、羊和从事家畜饲养、屠宰等重点职业人群进行血清学主动监测,结合医院被动监测结果,对前后5年人畜间疫情进行对比分析。结果2008-2017年建德市共监测牛、羊9 529头(只),阳性率为2.13%(203/9 529),监测人群414人,阳性率为3.14%(13/414),共确诊病例7例,隐性感染者6例。畜间阳性率2013-2017年明显高于2008-2012年。人间血清学阳性率随畜间阳性率升高而升高(r=0.641,P=0.046)。后5年阳性羊所占的比例明显高于前5年,前5年阳性牲畜中阳性牛占84.61%(33/39),后5年羊占99.39%(163/164),布病阳性的羊有外省调入南江黄羊、波尔山羊和浙江省的湖羊。结论建德市人和羊的布病疫情近年呈明显上升趋势,疫羊是主要的传染源,建议加强动物检疫;卫生部门应加强对重点职业人群的监测和健康教育,加强对医务人员布病诊治能力培训。

Objective To understand the incidence of brucellosis in Jiande county of Zhejiang province during 2008-2017 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of brucellosis. Methods Active serological surveillance was conducted among livestock（cattle and goats）and occupational populations who were engaged in livestock breeding,slaughtering,milking and veterinary by using rose bengal plate agglutination test and tube agglutination test. The information of active serological surveillance and hospital based passive surveillance were used to compare the incidences of brucellosis in both human and livestock between the first 5 years（2008-2012）and the second 5 years（2013-2017）. Results A total of 9 529 cattle and goats were surveyed during 2008-2017,the sero.positive rate was 2.13%（203/9 529）. Meanwhile,a total of 414 persons were surveyed,in whom 7 infections and 6 inapparent infections were found,with a positive rate of 3.14%（13/414）. The sero.positive rate in livestock during 2013-2017 was significantly higher than that during 2008-2012（χ^2=5.173,P =0.024）. The sero.positive rate in human was found to increase along with the increase of the sero.positive rate in livestock（r =0.641,P =0.046）.The proportion of positive goats in the second 5 years was much higher than that in the first 5 years（χ^2=159.461,P〈0.001）.The proportion of cattle in positive livestock in the first 5 years was 84.61%（33/39）,and the goats in positive livestock accounted for 99.39%（163/164）in the second 5 years,Brucella infected goats included imported Nanjiang yellow goat and Boer goat as well as local Hu sheep. Conclusion The incidences of brucellosis in both human and livestock were in obvious increase in recent years in Jiande. Infected goats were the main infection sources. It is suggested to strengthen animal quarantine.It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and health education in population at high risk of occupational exposure as well as the training of brucellosis diagnosis in medical personnel.