“精神”的精神:现实性理念与实现的伦理——论黑格尔伦理学的两个实践哲学面向

The Spirit of “Spirit” : Reality Concept and Realized Ethics——On the Two Practical Philosophical Orientations of of Hegelian Ethics

黑格尔哲学体系中是否以及如何"有一种伦理学"?问题引出了一个遗留课题,即如何在黑格尔思辨哲学面向中拯救精神。可通过两个命题引出黑格尔伦理学的实践哲学面向并对问题进行回应:第一,精神是现实性的理念;第二,精神是实现的伦理。前者由精神与理念的互释表明,"精神"的根本精神或本质就是现实性的理念,它构成了理解黑格尔伦理学的实践哲学面向的出发点。后者将伦理标准奠基于精神的自我实现,是理解黑格尔伦理学的实践哲学面向的归结点。黑格尔伦理学的实践哲学面向通过三幅一再重现的关于人的自我实现的伦理的图画获得了阐明。《精神现象学》、《精神哲学》、《法哲学原理》分别通过意识、概念、法权三种形态的展开,复现了其中的伦理主题,即"实现的伦理"。精神的思辨方面与其隐蔽的实践哲学面向密不可分。由之,可辨识黑格尔哲学中精神概念的一个重大功能,即透过其隐蔽的实践哲学面向改造伦理学。必须从黑格尔哲学体系的内在矛盾出发,从精神作为其逻辑学和形而上学的奠基性范畴着眼,探究其中"活"的实践哲学面向。

Does Hegel＇s philosophical system have a type of ethics？ If so, how is it constructed？ The question leads to an unfinished subject for research, namely how to save the spirit in the orientations of Hegel＇s speculative philosophy. There are two propositions that can lead to the orientations of the practical philosophy of Hegelian ethics, and respond to the above question. First, the spirit is a reality concept; second, the spirit is the realized ethics. The former shows with the mutual exchange of spirit and concept that the fundamental spirit or essence of ＂spirit＂ is the concept of reality. It constitutes the starting point for the understanding of the practical philosophy of Hegelian ethics. The latter lays the ethical standard on the self-realization of spirit, which is the point of conclusion for the understanding of the practical philosophy of Hegelian ethics. The orientations of the practical philosophy of Hegelian ethics have received interpretation via the pictures of self-realization in representation of ethics. Spiritual Phenomenology, Spiritual Philosophy, and Principles of Philosophy of Law have been authored focusing on three forms： consciousness, concept, and legal rights, which reproduce the ethical themes, namely, ＂the realized ethics＂. The speculative aspect of the spirit is inseparable from the hidden practical philosophy. Thus, we can identify a major function of the spiritual concept in Hegel＇s philosophy, namely, to transform the ethics through its hidden practical philosophy. We must depart from the intrinsic contradiction of Hegel＇s philosophical system, and start from the perspective of spirit as the foundational category of its logic and metaphysics, so as to explore the ＂living＂ orientations of practical philosophy.