攀枝花市蔬菜中重金属污染状况及健康风险评价

Pollution status of heavy metals in vegetables and health risk evaluation in Panzhihua

目的分析攀枝花市蔬菜中铅、镉、汞、砷的污染状况,评价经摄食产生的健康风险。方法依据GB 2762-2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》分析其含量水平,采用污染指数法、目标危害系数(THQ)法评估蔬菜中重金属污染程度及暴露人群健康风险。结果蔬菜中镉检出率和超标率最高,其次为汞,4种重金属检出率和超标率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。食用菌类中镉单项污染指数(1.898 6)及4种重金属综合污染指数(1.418 3)处于轻度污染水平,而叶菜类、瓜果类、根茎类、豆类均为安全等级。单一健康风险分析儿童高于成人,叶菜类、根茎类中的砷以及食用菌类中的铅、镉、汞、砷THQ>1,食用菌类中的铅、镉THQ>1所占比例最高。结论攀枝花市蔬菜中除食用菌类重金属含量轻污染外,其余处于相对安全水平。初步评估攀枝花市蔬菜中铅、汞对人体健康风险较小,而蔬菜中(特别是食用菌)镉和砷对人体健康存在一定的潜在风险。

Objective To analyze the pollution status of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in vegetables in PanzhihuaCity, and evaluate their health risks from feeding pathways. Methods According to The National Standard for Food SafetyLimit of Contaminants in Food（GB 2762-2012）, the content levels of heavy metals were analyzed. The pollution index methodand target hazard quotient（THQ） method were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution in vegetables and the health risk ofexposed population. Results The cadmium detection rate and the exceeding rate were the highest in vegetables, followed bymercury, there were statistically significant differences among four heavy metals in the detection rates and the exceeding rates（P〈 0.05）. The cadmium single pollution index（1.898 6） and four kinds of heavy metal comprehensive pollution index（1.418 3）of edible mushrooms were at the slight pollution level, and all the leafy vegetables, melons and fruits, rhizomes and legumeswere at safe grade. The single health risk analysis showed that the health risk of children was higher than that of adults. Thearsenic in leafy and rhizome, and the lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in edible mushrooms were THQ〉1, and theproportion of lead and cadmium THQ〉1 was the highest in edible mushrooms. Conclusions The vegetables are at relativelysafe level except for the slight pollution of heavy metals in edible mushrooms in Panzhihua City. The preliminary assessmentshows lead and mercury in vegetables have little risk to human health, but cadmium and arsenic in vegetables（especiallyedible mushrooms） have some potential risk to human health.