异域之眼:元祐元年前后的北宋佛教界——以高丽僧统义天入华求法为视角

The Exotic Eye: Buddhist Community in the Northern Song Dynasty around the First Year of Yuanyou——Through the perspective of Gaoli's Monk Uichon's Seeking the Dharma after His Entering China in the Song Dynasty

元祐元年前后,高丽僧统义天入宋求法,先后从北宋佛教界各宗派高僧求学问道。北宋佛教宗派如华严宗、禅宗、天台宗等对义天求法各有不同的反应,在他们的反应背后则有其各自的目的和立场。通过义天入宋求法这一独特的视角,可以发现:华严宗在北宋本已趋于式微,因义天求法而扩大了影响,在杭州获得了教寺,得以与禅宗、台宗在两浙鼎足而三;禅宗中云门一宗势力强大,对义天的造访,云门高僧对义天的态度在一定程度上显示出了他们当时炙手可热的地位及影响;天台宗与高丽渊源颇深,他们对义天的欢迎反映出已经实现中兴的天台宗有着一种恢宏的气度和雅量。

Around the first year of Yuanyou,Uichon,a leader of Gaoli's monk,has entered China in the Song Dynasty and seek the Dharma. He has successively pursued his studies from the Buddhist sects in the Northern Song Dynasty. The Buddhist sects of the Northern Song Dynasty,such as Hua Yan Zong,Zen,and Tiantai Sect,had different reactions to Gaoli's pursuits,and behind their reactions showed their own goals and positions. Through the perspective of Uichon's going into China and seeking the Dharma in the Song Dynasty,it can be found that Hua Yan Zong was already faded in the Northern Song Dynasty. Through his seeking the Dharma,Hua Yan Zong expanded its influence and gained a teaching temple in Hangzhou and standed like three legs of a tripod with Zen and Tian Tai Sect in the Zhejiang province. Yunmen Sect was a powerful force in Zen. In response to Uichon's visit,the eminent Yunmen monks' attitude towards Uichon showed their hot status and influence in a certain extent. There is a deep relation between Tiantai Sect and Gao Li. Their welcome to Uichon reflects the revived Tiantai Sect who has a magnificent degree of bearance and magnanimity.