养老保险对农村老年贫困缓解效应的性别差异

Gender Differences of the Effects of Pensions on the Alleviation of Old-Age Poverty in Rural Areas

基于2011年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据,将农村老年贫困细分为老年经济贫困、健康贫困、权利贫困三个维度,实证分析了养老保险对农村老年贫困影响的性别差异。研究表明,对农村老年女性而言,养老保险对缓解其经济贫困、健康贫困有着显著作用,就农村老年男性而言,养老保险对其健康贫困、权利贫困的减轻有积极效果。通过渠道检验发现,相对剥夺感起到调节作用,进而作用于农村老年贫困及其性别差异。基于上述研究结论,建议引入性别因素进入农村老年人口贫困治理政策,根据性别差异细分养老服务需求,注重农村老年相对剥夺感的调节效应以促进农村老年贫困的精准治理。

Based on data from the 2011 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey （CLHLS）, this study classified old-age poverty in rural areas into the distinct variables of poverty of income, poverty of health, and poverty of social fights, and empirically analyzed the role of gender differences in the relationship between pensions and oldage poverty in rural areas. The results show that pensions have a significant influence towards alleviating poverty of income and health in rural elderly women and have a positive effect on the poverty of health and social rights in rural elderly men. Pathway analysis revealed that relative deprivation played a moderate role that affects oldage poverty in rural areas and corresponding gender differences. Based on the findings,it is suggested that policy makers prioritize gender as an influential factor when formula- ting policies to reduce oldage poverty in rural areas by classifying the service needs of the elderly according to their gender. In addition, attention should be paid to the moderating effect of relative deprivation to increase the precision of governance mechanisms accordingly.