CRISPR/Cas9在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

Research Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 in Tumor Therapy

CRISPR/Cas9技术自从出现以来便迅速应用于肿瘤研究。在肿瘤发生的机理研究中,CRISPR/Cas9可用于研究单核苷酸突变、染色体异位等因素在肿瘤发生中的作用机制,同时也可以用于肿瘤细胞中功能缺陷基因的筛选。在肿瘤治疗方法的研究中,CRISPR/Cas9主要用于诱发机制比较清晰且诱因为病毒的肿瘤类型,例如鼻咽癌、宫颈癌等,通过对相应病毒的基因进行编辑从而抑制其致癌作用。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术还可以加速新肿瘤治疗靶点基因的发现。尽管发展和应用十分迅速,但是CRISPR/Cas9在肿瘤研究和治疗中的作用仍然受多种因素的限制,包括Cas9和sgRNA的输送效率、脱靶效应以及安全性和成本等。对CRISPR/Cas9在肿瘤研究中的应用进展进行了综述,以期为肿瘤发生、转移机制和肿瘤治疗等方面的研究提供参考。

It has been rapidly applied to oncology studies since the advent of CRISPR/Cas9. In the study of tumorigenesis mechanism,CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to study the role of single nucleotide mutation,chromosomal aberration and other factors in the tumorigenesis mechanism,as well as the screening of function defective genes in tumor cells. In the study of tumor therapy,CRISPR/Cas9 is mainly used in tumors that induced by viruses,such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and cervical cancer,which could inhibit the carcinogenesis by gene editing of the corresponding viruses. The use of CRISPR/Cas9 can also accelerate the discovery of new oncology-targeted genes. Despite its rapid development and application,the role of CRISPR/Cas9 in tumor research and therapy was limited by a number of factors,including the efficiency of Cas9 and sgRNA delivery,off-target effects,and safety and cost-effectiveness. This article reviewed the progress of the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer research,which was expect to provide a reference for the study of tumorigenesis,metastasis mechanism and tumor therapy.