基于SBM-Malmquist生产率指数模型的中国水资源绿色效率变动研究

Green efficiency changes for water resources in China based on SBM-Malmquist model

通过对考虑社会发展指数的水资源绿色效率进行研究,可以真实地掌握水资源利用效率的实际变动情况。本文基于考虑非期望产出的SBM模型和Malmquist全要素生产率指数模型,对2000—2014年中国31个省(市、自治区)水资源绿色效率进行了测度,并对其时空演变特征和影响机理进行了分析。研究发现:总体上中国水资源绿色效率呈现出在波动中缓慢下降的特点;现阶段中国水资源绿色效率发展水平仍比较低,还有很大的提升空间;中国水资源绿色效率地区差异显著,且水资源绿色效率的高低和地区经济发展水平没有明显的正相关关系,但社会发展指数对水资源绿色效率的高低具有重大影响;中国水资源绿色效率的技术进步变化指数表现为上升态势,而全要素生产率变化指数、纯技术效率和规模效率变化指数在研究期内均呈现缓慢下降的特点;总体而言,科技进步对中国水资源绿色效率的提高具有显著的促进作用,而少数地区受技术效率和技术变化的共同影响。

We can learn about practical water efficiency and provide a reference for improving the green efficiency of water resources by studying green efficiency and the effect of indexes for social progress. Here, we measured green efficiency of water resources in 31 provinces including cities and municipalities of China from 2000 to 2014 and analyzed temporal and spatial changes and influences based on SBM modeling with undesirable output and Malmquist index modeling with total factor productivity. In general, the green efficiency of water resources in China is characterized by a slow descend in volatility. The green efficiency in China is still relatively low and there is a lot of room for improvement. There are significant differences in the green efficiency of water resources across China, and the relationship between the green efficiency of water resources and level of regional economic development is weak. However, the social development index has a significant impact on green efficiency of water resources. There is a rising trend for the technology change index, while total factor productivity and technical efficiency declined over the study period. The technological change index has a significant effect on the improvement of the green efficiency of water resources in China, and a few areas are affected by technological efficiency and technological change.