政府推动背景下森林碳汇项目农户参与的制约因素研究

Factors restricting the participation of farmers in Forest Carbon Sequestration Projects

本文以四川省2个典型森林碳汇项目区670户参与农户为样本,基于嵌入式社会结构理论,利用结构方程模型对森林碳汇项目农户参与程度进行分析,研究发现:农户营林造林技术落后难以满足碳汇林建设、林地准入标准严格限制大量林地资源投入、社区非正式组织功能弱化而正式组织发展不足是导致农户参与程度较低的3个主要原因。因而,提升农户营林造林技术、降低林地准入标准、推动林业类合作社等社区正式组织发展是提升农户参与程度的重要措施。当然,林地面积、劳动力以及收入水平等资源禀赋和社会资本也是影响农户参与程度的重要方面。

670 rural households which participated in two typical Forest Carbon Sequestration Projects（Afforestation and reforestation project under the Clean Development Mechanism） driven by government in Sichuan Province as samples and using Structural Equation Model, we researched the factors that restrict the farmers＇ participation on the basis of Embedded Social Structure Theory. The results of the study show that there are three important reasons leading to low degree of farmers＇ participation. Firstly, It is difficult to meet the strict requirements of the construction of carbon sequestration forest because of the backwardness of afforestation technology of farmers; And then, firm admittance criterion of forest land makes the forest land which many households have the right of contracted management can not be included in the Forest Carbon Sequestration Project. Finaly, there are no demonstration organizations that can drive the households to participate in Forest Carbon Sequestration Project because of weakening of the function of the informal organization and insufficient development of the formal organization in the community. Therefore, there are three important measures to increase the degree of farmers＇ participation. Improving farmers＇ afforestation and forestation technology by carrying out technical training, reducing forest land access standards by optimizing the organization structure of Forest Carbon Sequestration Project, and promoting the development of community organizations such as forestry cooperatives. At the same time, Resource endowment such as the area of forest land, the structure of family labors and the level of income, and social capital such as the relationship network, the degree of trust of the government and the degree of trust of the villagers also affect farmers＇ willingness and abilities to participate in Forest Carbon Sequestration Projects to a certain extent, although almost all of the forest carbon sequestration projects are now driven by the government.