论鸦片战争前后士人“天下观”的转型

On the Transformation of the Tian Xia View of the Scholars During the Opium War

士人"天下观"是融宇宙观、政治观和文化观于一体,对自我生存空间的认知以及处理民族关系、对外关系的一套中国人特有的思想体系。"天下观"的权威性在鸦片战争前就受到了龚自珍、魏源等人的质疑,但在政治认同上的主客之分、对外经济关系中的优越心理、对西方军事力量的表面认知以及对待外来知识的消极态度并未改变。鸦片战争后,士人为御侮图强,试图寻求一套新的救国之路,逐渐改变原有的知识体系,在这个过程中呈现出了士人"天下观"的转型,即由传统的"天下观"向近代民族国家观念转变。

The concept of the Tian Xia View is a set of unique Chinese ideology that integrates cosmic,political and cultural values,recognizes the space for self-existence,and handles ethnic and foreign relations. Before the Opium War,the authority of the Tian Xia View was questioned by GONG Zi-zhen and WEI Yuan. However,the subject-matter of political identity,the superiority of foreign economic relations,the surface cognition of western military forces and the negative attitude towards foreign knowledge have not changed. After the Opium War,the Scholars tried to find a new road to save the nation. In this process,the Scholars transformed from the traditional concept of the Tian Xia View to the modern nation-state concept.