房建施工扬尘中PM_(2.5)所占比例的分布规律研究

Research on the Distribution Proportion Pattern of PM_(2.5) in Building Construction Dust

针对目前施工扬尘现场控制中存在的问题提出了施工扬尘自动控制的思路,在研究过程中为减少施工扬尘的监测因子,对房建施工扬尘中PM_(2.5)所占比例进行了专门分析,找出施工扬尘中PM_(2.5)所占比例的分布规律,以论证在施工扬尘自动监测体系中通过TSP浓度换算PM_(2.5)浓度的可行性。2016年3月至12月,对广州和佛山地区共11个房建项目的施工扬尘进行了监测,监测项目包括PM_(2.5)和TSP。通过分析PM_(2.5)与TSP的比例关系,统计房建施工扬尘中PM_(2.5)所占比例,并按不同施工阶段(结构施工、室外装修、室内装修和土方施工)进行了统计分析。统计发现:华南地区房建施工扬尘中约40%为PM_(2.5),其中土方施工扬尘中约一半为PM_(2.5);但TSP中PM_(2.5)所占比例离散性较大,实测TSP与PM_(2.5)没有明显的相关性;建议施工扬尘自动控制系统中同时监测PM_(2.5)和TSP。

Aiming at solving the existing problems of dust control in construction period, the research proposed ideas to diminish monitoring factors, analyzing proportion of PM2.5, finding pattern of PM2.5 distribution ratio, to demonstrate feasibility in automatic monitoring system through converting the concentration of TSP into PM2.5. From March to December in 2016, 11 construction projects in Guangzhou and Foshan were monitored, including PM2.5 and TSP. Through statistically analyzing the relationship between PM2.5 and TSP as well as the proportion of PM2.5 in construction dust and the construction process according to different stages（structure construction, outdoor decoration, interior decoration and earthwork construction）, it is found that about 40 % Southern China area housing construction dust is PM2.5, and half of earthwork construction dust is PM2.5. However, although PM2.5 in TSP has large discrete proportion, no obvious correlation between TSP and PM2.5 was shown. The research proposed monitoring PM2.5 and TSP at the same time in automatic dust control system.