高层建筑电梯楼梯协同人员疏散的优化模式研究

Optimization study on high-rise building collaborative evacuation by combined use of stairs with elevators

高层建筑利用电梯楼梯协同疏散有利于提高人员疏散效率。通过数学建模研究了多种因素影响下的协同人员疏散优化模式,结果表明:当电梯仅在某直达层停靠,电梯停靠层及以上楼层采用电梯疏散而以下楼层采用楼梯疏散时,存在最优的电梯停靠层;在每层疏散人数均匀分布的条件下,该最优层数不受疏散人数影响,随建筑高度增加呈线性增长,随电梯最大承载量增加呈阶梯式下降,随电梯平均运行速度增加呈阶梯式下降。

Collaborative evacuation by combined use of stairs with elevators is beneficial to improve the safety of personnel evacuation for high-rise buildings. In this paper, by mathematical modeling,we investigate optimized parameters for collaborative evacuation. The results suggest that when the elevators stop at one direct floor,evacuces who occupy the direct floor and floors upstairs can take elevators, while those who occupy floors below the direct floor can take stairs. When evacuces evenly distribute on each floor, the optimal floor does not depend on the amount of evacuces. The optimal floor linearly rises with the increase of building height, while descends with increase of elevators＇ maximum capacity and average velocity.