全球价值链参与率对中国行业内劳动者就业结构差距的影响——基于WIOD数据库的实证研究

The Impact of GVC Participation Rate on the Employment Structure Disparity of Laborers in China: An Empirical Research Based on the World Input-Output Database

文章根据世界投入产出数据库中的相关数据,在相关理论框架下,实证研究了中国参与全球价值链对中国行业内高、中和低技术劳动者就业结构差距的影响。结果表明,中国在全球价值链的参与率扩大了全行业高技术劳动者与低技术劳动者就业差距,缩小了中技术劳动者与低技术劳动者就业差距。全球价值链前向参与率扩大了高、中、低劳动者就业差距,而后向参与率则缩小了就业差距。对于货物行业来说,呈现同样的影响效应。对于服务行业来说,中国在全球价值链的参与率缩小了高、中、低劳动者就业差距。服务业后向参与率缩小了高、中、低劳动者就业差距。总之,中国参与全球价值链主要是由后向参与率对劳动者就业结构差距起着重要影响作用。

According to the relevant data in the World Input-Output Database and on the basis of the relevant theoretical framework,this paper empirically studies the impact of China＇s participation in GVC on the employment structure disparity among high-tech,middle-skilled and low-skilled workers in the industry. The results show that China＇s participation rate in GVC widens the employment gap between high-tech and low-skilled workers in the whole industry but narrows the employment gap between middle-skilled and low-skilled workers. The forward participation rate in GVC widens the employment gap among high-tech,middle-skilled and low-skilled workers,while the backward rate narrows the gap. For the goods industry,the same impact exists. For the service industry,China＇s participation rate in GVC closes the employment gap among high-tech,middle-skilled and low-skilled workers. The backward participation rate narrows the gap. In conclusion,China ＇s participation rate in GVC,mainly the backward participation rate,plays an important role in influencing the employment structure disparity among the workers.