搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对6082-T6铝合金残余应力和变形的影响

Effects of FSW Parameters on Residual Stress and Deformation of 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy

为了研究搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对铝合金焊接残余应力和焊接变形的影响,运用Abaqus有限元模拟软件,对5 mm厚6082-T6铝合金薄板在恒压力条件,不同主轴转速和焊接速度下的的搅拌摩擦焊进行了数值模拟计算,研究了焊接温度、残余应力和焊接变形的分布。结果表明：主轴转速一定时,焊接最高温度随着焊接速度的增大而降低;焊接速度一定时,焊接最高温度随着主轴转速的增大而升高。沿横向残余应力呈单峰状分布,峰值位于焊缝中心;沿纵向残余应力在焊缝两端有较大波动。相对于主轴转速,焊接速度的改变对残余应力影响更大。试板的整体变形趋势呈反马鞍状,沿纵向变形呈上凸状,沿横向变形呈下凹状。主轴转速一定时,焊接变形量随着焊接速度的升高而减小;焊接速度一定时,变形量随着主轴转速的升高而增大。

In order to investigate the effects of friction stir welding（FSW） parameters on the residual stress and welding deformation of aluminum alloy, the friction stir welding tests of the 5 mm thick 6082-T6 aluminum alloy sheet under constant pressure and different rotational speeds and welding speeds were simulated by using Abaqus finite element software, and the distribution of welding temperature, residual stress and welding deformation was studied. The results show that when the rotational speed is constant, the maximum welding temperature decreases with the increase of welding speed, and when the welding speed is constant, the maximum welding temperature increases with the increase of rotational speed. The residual stress along transverse direction shows a unimodal distribution, the position of peak value is located at weld center, and the residual stress along longitudinal direction fluctuates greatly at both ends of the weld. Compared with the rotational speed, the welding speed has a greater influence on the residual stress. The overall deformation tendency of the test plate is inverted saddle shape, and the deformation distribution shows convex along longitudinal direction and the deformation distribution shows concave along transverse direction. When the rotational speed is constant, the welding deformation decreases with the increase of welding speed, and when the welding speed is constant, the welding deformation increases with the increase of rotational speed.