成都地区中老年人饮食和生活习惯对双歧杆菌种群结构影响的初探

POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF EATING AND LIFE HABITS ON THE COMPOSITION OF INTESTINAL BIFIDOBACTERIA IN THE ELDERLY IN CHENGDU AREA

目的初步探讨健康中老年人饮食和生活习惯对其肠道双歧杆菌结构的潜在影响。方法成都地区招募145名45~78岁中老年人,问卷调查其生活习惯,并收集粪便标本,采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time quantitative PCR)定性定量分析粪便中双歧杆菌属及其8个优势菌种組成,统计分析不同情况下双歧杆菌属和种在数量上的差异及其影响因素结果本研究中链双歧杆菌(98.62%)和长双歧杆菌(95.17%)检出率最高,双歧杆菌属和种在年龄和性别上无明显差异。吸烟人群短双歧杆菌显著低于不吸烟人群(P<0.05);每日摄入水果人群的双歧杆菌属和链双歧杆菌高于未每日摄入人群(P<0.05);每日饮牛奶、喜好泡菜等腌制食物是双歧杆菌属的有利因素,饮酒、喜好油腻食物是双歧杆菌属的不利因素;每日食用坚果为两歧双歧杆菌的不利因素,但为短双歧杆菌的有利因素;每日进食谷薯类食物为长双歧杆菌的有利因素,而蛋类食物为其不利因素;运动为链双歧杆菌的有利因素,且运动时间越长作用越强,饮酒为链双歧杆菌的不利因素;不同睡眠状况下双歧杆菌无明显差异。结论生活习惯与肠道双歧杆菌种群结构存在一定程度的关联性,不同习惯对不同双歧杆菌的影响可能存在质及量上的差异,因此全面调节饮食和生活习惯有望更有效地改善双歧杆菌菌群结构及多样性进而促进健康。

Objective This study was conducted to analyze the possible influence of eating and life habits on the composition of intestinal bifidobacteria in the elderly. Methods Total 145 volunteers living in Chengdu aged 45-78 years old were recruited. Their life habits were surveyed by questionnaire. The fecal samples were also collected for analyzing fecal bifidobacteria with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（q PCR） targeting genus level and 8 human predominant species. Statistical analysis was conducted for evaluating association between life habits and intestinal bifidobacteria. Results B.catenulatum（98.62%） and B.longum（95.17%） had the highest detection rate. No significant difference was found in bifidobacteria among different age and sex groups. B.breve in the smokers was significantly lower（P〈0.05）. The eating one fruit daily had more bifidobacteria and B.catenulatum（P〈0.05）. Drinking milk daily and intaking pickled food were found as protective factors for bidfidobacteria. Alcohol and greasy food were found harmful.Daily consumption of nut was adverse factor for B.bifidum, while it worked as favorable factor for B.breve. Using cereal food daily was positively related to B.longum while eating eggs daily was negatively for B. longum. Exercise was favorable factor for B.catenulatum, which was stronger with longer time. However, drinking alcohols was disadvantageous factor for B.catenulatum. The fecal bifidobacteria was not found different among subjects with various sleeping habits. Conclusion These results showed that eating and life habits might interact with intestinal bifidobacteria in the intestine of the healthy elderly. These habits could potentially affect the composition of intestinal bifidobacteria in different ways. Therefore, the elderly can maintain intestinal bifidobacteria composition by modifying the life habits.