“有实无名”的乡村建设——从费达生的社会实验说起

Matter-of-Fact Rural Construction:Fei Dasheng's Social Experiment

费达生作为信奉科技救国、实业救国的技术专家,因始于20世纪20年代送技术下乡而与农村结下不解之缘。她以农民本位和立足农村自身建设为原则,将现代技术导入乡村,让农村通过发展"乡村工业"有了"自谋巩固的基础";通过推动农村合作运动最大限度地让贫苦农民获得合作的好处。虽然费达生未曾以"乡村建设"命名于她的乡村试验,但二十余年间试验所到之处不仅改变了落后的生产方式,也催生了新型乡村经济组织形态和分配模式,从而对乡村的社会生活乃至社会结构都产生了深远的建设性影响。她开创的技术经济-社会进路,在百年乡建的长河中,虽"有实无名",但以其独特的价值为这一江流汇入了富有活力的源流。

Fei Dasheng,a technical expert who believed in saving the country by science and technology as well as by industry,found herself inextricably connected with the rural area when she started bringing technology to the countryside in the 1920 s. By introducing modern technology to the countryside,she enabled the rural community to build a"self-sustainable foundation"by developing rural industry. She also let the poor farmers benefit as much as possible from cooperation by pushing rural cooperative movement. Although Fei Dasheng did not name her rural experiment as"rural construction",wherever her experiment brought her in more than two decades,she not only changed the local backward mode of production,but also created new rural economic organizations and new modes of distribution,exerting profound and constructive influences on rural social life and social structure. The techno-economical and social approach she initiated,although without a label,has contributed unique and genuine values to the hundred-year-long rural construction.