从“炸弹”到“微生物”——卢作孚乡村建设思想中的革命意涵

From “Bomb” to “Microorganism”:The Radical Revolution Connotation of Lu-Zuofu's Rural Reconstruction Thought

近代以来,关于"革命"与"建设"的讨论与反思从未间断。革命者怎样开展建设?建设者又怎样反思革命?旨在变革社会的"破"与"立"又是怎样的辩证关系?1922年卢作孚与好友恽代英曾经有一次关于变革社会应似"炸弹"或是"微生物"的讨论。卢作孚提出关于社会变革的"微生物"理论,追求的是将政治、经济、文化等多个层面视为系统的社会整体,因地制宜地进行有计划的革命性社会建设。其建设的载体是乡村的建设,工作的中心抓手是实业经济,而变革核心目标是社会民众、社会组织和社会心理。其社会建设思想对于当今的社会治理创新具有重要的启示意义。

Since modern times,discussions and reflections on"revolution"and"construction"have remained unabated. How do revolutionaries start construction? How do those who are engaged in construction reflect on the revolution? What is the dialectical relationship between"destruction"and"construction",both aimed at transforming society? In 1922,Lu Zuofu,an educator,industrialist,and practitioner of rural construction,and his friend Yun Daiying had a discussion about whether social transformation should bear semblance of an"explosive"or a"microorganism."Lu Zuofu proposed the"microorganism"theory of social change which sees the social,political,economic,and cultural aspects as a systematic social whole and frames the scheme of revolutionary social construction in accordance with local conditions. The vehicle is rural construction,the central focus of work is developing industry,and the core goals of transformation are social populace,social organizations,and social psychology. Lu's social construction thought is still highly relevant to and illuminating for today's social governance and its innovation.