外国金融资本与地方金融势力的兴起——以奉天官银号的设立为中心

Foreign Financial Capital and the Rise of Local Financial Power:Analysis Focused on the Establishment of Mukden Official Silver Bureau

日俄战争后,日本金融资本进入我国东北,试图掌控东北地区的货币发行权。面对日本的金融入侵,盛京将军赵尔巽出资设立奉天官银号,铸造和发行小洋为主的金属铸币和小洋票,从而引发中日双方围绕东北货币发行权的较量。日本通过合资银行提案和横滨正金银行的竞争对官银号的设立和发展进行了一系列干预,东北地方政府则与日本殖民势力进行了持续斗争。因此,近代东北地区最重要的金融机构——东三省官银号的设立和最初发展过程,也是日本金融资本、东北地方政府和民间商业行会之间对货币发行权的争夺和博弈过程,并对清末和民国时期东北地方金融体系的发展产生了深远影响,为日后军阀割据提供了经济基础。

After Russo-Japanese War, Japanese financial capital tried to dominate the currency issue of northeast China. Facing to Japan＇s financial invasion, Mukden General, Erxun Zhao, established official silver bureau of Mukden which minting and issuing small silver coins and its notes. It caused confrontation of currency issuing rights in northeast China between China and Japan. Japanese authority intervened the establishment of official silver bureau by joint venture bank proposal and competition of Yokohama Specie Bank. The local government fought against Japanese colonial forces constantly. Therefore, the procedure of establishment of Mukden official silver bureau was also the process of contention among Japanese financial capital, northeastern local government and non-governmental guild. It had a deep impact on the development of the local financial system in the northeast China in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, which providing the economic basis for the warlordism.