克里雅河流域土地利用/覆被及景观格局空间变化特征

Spatial Change Characteristics of Land Use/Cover and Landscape Pattern in the Keriya River Basin

以新疆内陆河流—克里雅河流域为研究区,基于RS和GIS技术分析1990、2003、2016年土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC),并结合景观来分析克里雅河流域的空间变化特征。结果表明:1990—2016年克里雅河流域的LUCC的空间分布稳定。未利用地是研究区面积最大的地类。草地的面积变化较大,呈增加的趋势,冰川积雪的覆被面积略有增加。1990—2016年,未利用地的斑块密度及斑块数较大。在1990—2016年,林地的景观破碎度的值最大。城乡工矿用地的破碎度较大,且呈降低的趋势;耕地类型的景观格局的破碎化程度小,较为稳定;水域的景观形状趋于复杂化;未利用地的周长面积分维数较低。1990—2016年,在克里雅河流域的下游景观的破碎度较高,景观格局较不稳定。克里雅河流域的景观分离度指数呈现出了中游低、两头高的趋势。克里雅河流域上游的北部区域周长面积分维数较高。克里雅河流域的中游,景观分维数的空间分布变化较大。

This study took the inland river of Xinjiang,Keliya River Basin as the research area.Based on RS and GIS techniques,the changes of land use/cover（LUCC）in 1990,2003 and 2016 were analyzed and combining it with the landscape to analyze the spatial variation characteristics in the Keliya River Basin.The results showed that from 1990 to 2016,the spatial distribution of LUCC in the Keliya River Basin was steady.Unused land was the largest area of this study area.The area of the grassland changed greatly,showed increasing trends,and the cover area of glacier snow increased slightly.From1990 to 2016,the patch density and the number of patches in the unused land were relatively large.From 1990 to 2016,the value of landscape fragmentation of woodland was greater than other land.The degree of fragmentation of industrial and mining land in urban and rural areas was large and tended to decrease.The degree of fragmentation of the landscape pattern of farmland was small and steady.The landscape shape of water body tended to be complicated.The perimeter-area fractal dimension of unused land was low.From 1990 to 2016,in the lower reaches of the Keliya River Basin,the degree of fragmentation was high and the landscape pattern was unstable.The landscape division index of the Keliya River Basin showed a low trend in the midstream and high trend in the upstream and downstream of the river.The perimeter-area fractal dimension of northern region of the upper Keliya River Basin was relatively high.The spatial distribution of the landscape fractal dimension changed greatly in the middle reaches of the Keliya River Basin.