中山市396家企业职业病危害分级调查及影响因素分析

Survey of the occupational-disease-inductive classification and its influencing factors of 396 companies in Zhongshan City

目的了解中山市职业病危害企业职业病危害风险状况及影响因素,为在新形势下制定有针对性、有效的职业病危害预防和控制措施提供参考和科学依据,并做好健康促进工作。方法抽取中山市职业病危害企业396家,采用自行编制的《用人单位职业卫生管理情况调查表》,共6项测量维度,33个测量指标,以现场调查的方式对企业的基本情况、职业卫生管理现状进行调查。结果 396家企业中,大、中、小微型企业分别占2.8%、14.4%和82.8%;行业分布中,家具制造、灯饰电气机械设备、五金企业比例最多,分别占46.1%、9.4%和8.6%。企业的职业病危害分级结果为低度风险占3.0%,中度风险占26.8%,高度风险占64.4%,极高风险占5.8%。对企业职业病危害分级的保护性影响因素的包括工作场所管理、职业健康检查、职业卫生制度、个人防护和三同时前期预防(P<0.05),而职业卫生培训对职业病危害分级的影响不明显(P=0.296);不同企业规模和不同企业性质对职业病危害分级影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 2016年中山市企业仍存在不少职业卫生管理问题,职业病危害分级以高度风险为主,企业整体管理风险较高,应有针对性监督,实行分级管理,做好工作场所管理,并重点加强对中小企业职业卫生监督管理和健康促进工作。

Objective To understand the occupational risk status and influencing factors of occupational hazards in Zhongshan City,and to provide reference and scientific basis for the development of targeted and effective occupational disease prevention and control measures in the new situation.Methods A total of 396 occupational hazards enterprises in Zhongshan City were selected,and a ＂Employer Occupational Health Management Survey＂in which there were a total of six measurement dimensions and 33 measurement indicators,was used for on-site investigation of the basic situation of enterprises and the occupational health management status survey.Results Large,medium and small micro-enterprises in the 396 enterprises were accounted for 2.8%,14.4% and 82.8%,respectively.Industry distribution of these enterprises was46.1%,for furniture manufacturing,9.4%for lighting,electrical machinery and equipment,and 8.6%for hardware enterprises,respectively.Low risk for the occupational health risk classification was accounted for3.0%,moderate risk accounted for 26.8%,high risk accounted for 64.4%,and the most high risk accounted for 5.8%.The protective factors of occupational health risk classification included workplace management,occupational health examination,occupational health system,personal protection and three simultaneous prevention（P〈0.05）;but the impact of occupational health training on occupational health risk rating was not significant（P =0.296）,and there were no significant differences in the size of different enterprises and the nature of different enterprises on occupational health risk grading（P〉0.05）.Conclusions There are still many problems of occupational health management in the enterprises of Zhongshan City in2016.The occupational-disease-inductive classification is mainly based on high risk,and the overall management risk of enterprises is high,so it should supervise the management of the workplace and ensure the management of the workplace,and the occupational health supervision and management of small and medium-sized enterprises should be strengthened.