2011-2015年惠州市用人单位职业病危害因素检测结果分析

Analysis on occupational hazards in some enterprises in Huizhou City from 2011 to 2015

目的分析2011-2015年惠州市用人单位工作场所职业病危害因素现状及其变化情况,为企业及政府监管部门做好职业病防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集检测数据,比较不同类型企业及不同种类的职业病危害因素的检测情况。结果 5年累计检测企业766家,检测样品68 352份,合格样品63 866份,职业病危害因素检测总合格率为93.4%,2013年检测合格率最高(94.9%),2012年检测合格率最低(91.5%),各年份检测合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=172.95,P<0.01)。不同生产规模企业职业病危害因素检测,大型企业的检测合格率最高(96.1%),小型企业检测合格率最低(90.8%),同一生产规模企业不同年份比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.61,86.32、111.59,P<0.01)。不同经济类型企业中,港澳台投资经济、个体经济、国有企业、私营企业的检测合格率逐年上升,外商投资经济逐年下降,国有企业检测合格率最高(97.8%),个体经济企业的检测合格率最低(83.6%)。不同种类职业病危害因素检测情况,有毒化学物质的检测合格率最高(97.4%),噪声的检测合格率最低(86.0%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=84.8、588.2、72.1,P<0.01)。5年来矽尘占粉尘不合格份数比例最高41.7%(187/448)。结论该区企业仍存在一定程度的职业病危害,值得重点关注的是小型企业和个体经济企业,重点关注的职业病危害因素是噪声的危害,矽尘须重点关注非金属矿山企业,监督部门应加大监督力度。

Objective To undestand current situation and change trend of occupational hazards in the workplace in Huizhou City from 2011 to 2015,in order to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of occupational diseases to enterprises and government departments.Methods The data on occupational hazards was collected and compared based on different types of enterprises and different types of occupational hazards.Results In the 5 years,68 352 samples from a total of 766 enterprises were tested.Among them,there were 63 866 qualified samples.The total qualified rate of occupational hazards was93.4%;The highest one（94.9%）was in 2013 and the lowest（91.5%）was in 2012.The qualified rate of inspection had a trend of increasing year by year,and the difference was statistically significant（χ^2=172.95,P〈0.01）.It was found that the qualified rate（96.1%）was highest in the large enterprises and lowest（90.8%）in the small enterprises;At the same size of the enterprises,the there was statistically significant difference by years（χ^2=19.61,86.32,111.59,P〈0.01）.The qualified rates also increased year by year in the enterprises owned by employees from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan,as well as in the individual economy,state-owned enterprises and private enterprises.But the qualified rate in the foreign invested enterprises showed a decreasing trend year by year.The qualified rate（97.8%）was highest in the stateowned enterprises and lowest（83.6%）in the private enterprises.In the occupational hazards,the qualified rate（97.4%）of the toxic chemicals was highest and tthat（86.0%）of noise was lowest.The difference was statistically significant（χ2=84.8,588.2,72.1,P〈0.01）.In the exposure to dust,silica dust exposure was accounted for the highest percentage of the dust＇s disqualified rates 41.7%（187/448）.Conclusions There are still some occupational hazards in the enterprises in this area.Small size of and private enterprises should be paid with more attention.Among the occupational hazards,the harm of noise should be addressed.In the case of silica dust,non-metallic mining enterprises should be focused on,and supervision departments should intensify supervision.