中国重点生态功能区生态用地时空格局变化研究

Spatial-temporal Analysis on Ecological Land Changes in the Key Ecological Functional Areas in China

研究目的:掌握中国25个国家级重点生态功能区内生态用地现状及时空演变规律与特征。研究方法:在界定生态用地内涵和范围的基础上,依据第二次全国土地调查及逐年变更调查数据,以及全国城镇土地利用汇总成果,借助Arc GIS 10.3软件平台,分析中国25个国家级重点生态功能区生态用地现状及2009—2015年间时空演变特征,并总结生态用地变化原因。研究结果:(1)各重点生态功能区生态用地结构及差异较大,面积总体稳定;(2)各重点生态功能区生态用地变化幅度不同,人口较为密集、经济较为发达的中部和东北部地区减少幅度明显高于西部地区;(3)生态用地面积减少的第一大类流向是耕地,一定程度上受现行有关土地政策影响;(4)重点生态功能区内生态用地质量总体改善。研究结论:尽管近年来中国重点生态功能区内生态用地保护卓见成效,但仍需进一步加强监管,采取各种措施进一步保护。

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics of ecological land in 25 National Key Ecological Function Zones. The research methods are as follows. Based on the connotation and type of basic ecological land definition, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and changes in basic ecological land in the Key Ecological Functional Areas（KEFAs）, using the data of the 2 nd National Land Use Survey and its update database from 2009 to 2015 with Arc GIS 10.3 software platform. The results are as follows： 1）the structures of basic ecological land were significantly different among KEFAs; 2）during 2009—2015, the total area of ecological land was generally stable, however, in the central and northeastern regions, the areas showed a declining trend; 3）Cultivated land was the main reason of the ecological land＇s decline, additionally, the existing land policies also had some impacts on the changes; 4）the overall quality of ecological land in KEFAs is improving. In conclusion, although the ecological land protection in KEFAs exhibited the positive performance in recent years, the supervision should be enhance and the various measures should be adopted.