唐宋时期岭南地区野象分布与变迁探析

The Distribution and Retreat of Wild Elephants in Ling Nan Area during the Tang and Song Dynasties

针对唐宋时期岭南野象分布变迁的区域特点,本文以河流流域为基础进行分区论述,以期细化该时期岭南各区域内野象分布的研究,并有助于探析野象在岭南不同流域渐次灭绝的历史过程。通过对史料的细致挖掘与梳理,考证了漳州与潮州野象的灭绝时间,二者均可在传统认识的基础上各自向后推迟30年左右;再以漳州、潮州野象的灭绝为案例,将其置于南宋前中期,人口南迁、农业深度开发的历史背景下,认为野象生境与农业区拓展的极大冲突为其走向灭绝的根本原因。

According to the area characteristic of the distinction and migration about the wild elephants in Ling Nan area in the period of Tang and Song Dynasties,taking the river basin as zoning basis,to a certain degree,can refine the research about the distinction of wild elephant in Ling Nan area at that period and clarify the historical process in which wild elephants gradually died out in this region.Compared to the former understanding,the paper proves that the extinction time of the wild elephants in Zhangzhou and Chaozhou can be both postponed respectively for about 30 years by exploring the historical materials.Taking the extinction of wild elephants in Zhangzhou and Chaozhou for instance,the basic reason why the wild elephants have extincted is that wild elephants＇ natural habitat is incompatible with the extension of agricultural area under the historical background that people has migrated to the south and the agricultural area has increased at the early and mid-term stages of Southern Song Dynasty.