荒地、巨镇与村落:国家意志与近代安徽和悦洲的百年轮回

Wasteland,Huge Town to Village:State Will and Century Reincarnation of Modern Anhui Heyue Island

中国传统社会运行机制的重要特征即是行政权力支配社会,国家意志通常超越市场机制,决定区域兴衰。位于安徽段长江上,不足两平方公里的和悦洲在一百年余年中历经荒地、巨镇和村落的巨变轮回即是国家意志实践的结果。太平天国战争以前,主要受自然地理因素影响,和悦洲尚属荒地,仅是一片芦苇荡,土著居民不过寥寥数家。随着厘金制度安排,特别是自曾国藩改革淮盐起,和悦洲逐渐成为皖岸盐务之中枢,迅速崛起。在芜湖勃兴前,历经十余年发展的和悦洲已成皖江地区最为繁盛的市镇。民元以降,新一轮权势重组下的制度改革使维系和悦洲命脉的盐务被转移、厘金制度消逝,失去了官僚体系庇护的和悦洲迅速走向衰落,并向其百年前"半原始"生态模式加速蜕变,成为日趋破败的村落。

During the historical period when the society was dominated by the administrative power,state will could always transcend market mechanism and determine regional vicissitude through institutional arrangement.Heyue island,sourcing from Yangtze river in Anhui provincce,with the area of less than two square meters,went through a century reincarnation from wasteland to huge town,then to village,which could reflect the state will.Before the Taiping Rebellion,under the influence of geographical factors,Heyue island remained a wasteland covered with reed marshes,with only few aboriginal families inhabited.With the arrangement of Likin system and establishment of Lika,especially Zeng Guofan＇reformation of Hais salt,Heyue island gradually became the pivot of Wanan salt business and developed rapidly.Before the boom of Wuhu,Heyue island,with its development of about a decade,had already become＂the most prosperous town＂in Wanjiang district.Since the Republic of China,a new round of institutional reform made the center of salt industry transferred,which was the lifeline of Heyue island,and then Lika cancelled.After losing the protection of bureaucratic system,Heyue island quickly began to decline,and then accelerated to turn back to half-primeval ecomodel,finally turned into a decaying village.