英国新工党提升制造业水平的举措

British New Labour's Measures to Boost Manufacturing Levels

作为世界上第一个进入工业社会的国家,英国最早经历了制造业相对衰落的非工业化进程。新工党指责保守党政府过度注重金融业和服务业,忽视英国的制造业发展,从1997年布莱尔新工党上台,围绕"制造业高端化"和"制造业服务化"原则,实行国家科技创新战略、实施创新产业以及发布振兴国家制造业的战略来提升英国制造业的竞争力。这些政策成功地使英国经济实现了从制造型向知识型的转变,并确定了价值竞争而非成本竞争为未来英国制造业发展的主题。不过,如何处理好服务业与制造业之间的平衡,真正实现制造业的服务化,这是新工党政府没有解决的一个问题,也是对后任政府的一大挑战。

Though the first country to step into industrialization in the world,Britain experienced the earliest a non-industrialization process with a relatively declining manufacturing. New Labour criticized Conservative government for laying excessive emphasis on finance and services and ignoring the development of manufacturing. Since coming to power in 1997,New Labour has adopted measures to enhance UK＇s competitiveness in manufacturing,such as carrying out a national innovation strategy,implementing the strategy of creative industry and releasing plans to revitalize national manufacturing on the basis of＂manufacturing high-end＂and＂manufacturing service＂principles. These policies have made British economy successfully transformed from the manufacturing-based type to the knowledge-based type and ensured that rather than cost competition,value competition will be the theme of British manufacturing development in the future. However,how to handle the balance between services and manufacturing and truly achieve manufacturing＇s servitization,a problem not yet solved by the New Labour government,is also a huge challenge for the successors.