城市分布式光伏发电的经济和环境效益实证分析

Empirical Analysis on Economic and Environmental Benefit of Urban Distributed PV

通过对三处不同规模的分布式光伏发电项目进行调研,文章分析了4.7 MW、19.44 k W以及6 k W分布式光伏发电项目不同并网电量在总发电量占比和不同补贴模式下的收益组成、经济效益以及环境效益。结果表明在同一情况下,装机容量小的分布式光伏发电项目的经济效益较好;光伏项目所发电量自用比例越大,项目的经济效益越高;国家补贴占光伏项目收益的31%以上,有着重要的影响。分布式光伏发电项目对环境的保护起着促进作用,在20年的寿命年限里能减少二氧化硫、氮氧化物、总悬浮颗粒物等污染物质的排放量。鉴于实际运营情况,政府需要根据不同的装机规模制定政策使得分布式光伏得到更好的推广。

Based on the investigation of three different types of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects, this paper analyzes the income composition, economic benefits and environmental benefits of three distributed photovoltaic power generation projects（4.7 MW, 19.44 k W, 6 k W） under different grid connected electricity in power generation projects under the total power generation ratio and the different subsidy modes. The results show that, distributed photovoltaic power generation projects with small installed capacity bring better economic benefits in the same case. The greater the proportion of self-use electricity is generated by PV projects, the higher the economic benefits of the project will be produced. State subsidies have significant effect which account for more than 31% of the PV project revenue. Distributed photovoltaic power generation projects promote the environmental protection. In the 20 years life cycle, they can reduce the emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, total suspended particulate matter and other pollutants. In view of the actual operating situation, the government needs to develop policies based on different installed capacity so as to make the distributed photovoltaic power generation projects get better promotion.