单纯与合并过敏性鼻炎的支气管哮喘患者的临床特点比较分析

A comparative analysis of clinical characteristics of bronchial asthma patients with or without allergic rhinitis

目的:比较慈溪地区单纯支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎患者的临床特点。方法:选择2015年1月-2016年8月慈溪地区159例支气管哮喘为研究对象,根据患者是否患过敏性鼻炎分为观察组(n=100)和对照组(n=59),观察组患者为支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎患者,对照组为单纯哮喘组。比较两组患者哮喘控制测试评分(ACT)、哮喘严重程度及鼻炎与哮喘相关性分析。结果:两组患者性别、年龄、平均病程以及哮喘史差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者完全控制、良好控制比率分别为10.00%、36.00%,显著低于对照组患者20.34%、50.85%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.0064)。观察组患者哮喘严重程度分级为:一级68例、二级16例、三级10例、四级6例;对照组患者分级为:一级48例、二级9例、三级2例、四级0例,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.0085)。100例合并过敏性鼻炎严重程度分级为:轻度66例,其中哮喘严重程度一级有61例,二级3例,三级2例;中度-重度34例,其中哮喘严重程度一级有7例,二级13例,三级8例,四级6例。过敏性鼻炎与哮喘严重程度表现为正相关(rs=0.629,P<0.01),说明哮喘与鼻炎间呈现高度的相关性。结论:慈溪地区支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎的发病率较高,患者ACT评分显著低于单纯哮喘患者,而过敏性鼻炎与哮喘病具有高度的一致性。

Objective To compare the clinical features of bronchial asthma complicated with or without allergic rhinitis in Cixi.Methods A total of 159 cases of bronchial asthma in Cixi area treated from January 2015 to August 2016 were set as the research objects,who according to whether suffering from allergic rhinitis or not were assigned into observation group（bronchial asthma complicated with allergic rhinitis group,n=100）and control group（bronchial asthma group,n=59）.The score of asthma control test（ACT）,asthma severity,and the correlation between rhinitis and asthma were compared between the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in gender,age,average course of disease and the history of asthma between the two groups（P〉0.05）.The complete control and good control rates in the observation group were 10% and 36%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the control group（20.34% and 50.85%）,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant（P=0.0064）.The cases of asthma in the observation group were classified as stageⅠ,68 cases,stageⅡ,16 cases,stageⅢ,10 cases,and stageⅣ,6 cases,and the cases in the control group was classified as stageⅠ,48 cases,stageⅡ,9 cases,stageⅢ,2 cases and stageⅣ,0 case.There was a significant difference between the two groups（P=0.0085）.The 100 cases of bronchial asthma complicated with allergic rhinitis were classified into 66 mild cases,including 61 cases of asthma stageⅠ,3 cases of stageⅡ,2 cases of stageⅢ,and 34 moderate to severe cases,including 7 cases of asthma stageⅠ,13 cases of stageⅡ,8 cases of stageⅢ,and 6 cases of stageⅣ.Thus allergic rhinitis was positively correlated with the severity of asthma（rs=0.629,P〈0.01）,indicating a high correlation between asthma and rhinitis.Conclusions The incidence of bronchial asthma complicated with allergic rhinitis is higher in Cixi area,whose ACT score is significantly lower than that of simple asthma cases,indicating allergic rhinitis is highly consistent with asthma.