后发展国家现实主义文学研究与反本质主义

Literary Realism of Post-Developing Countries and the Anti-essentialism

当代知识领域中的反本质主义,有助于我们认清概念的话语属性。对于后发展国家来说,现实主义文学并不是自然生成的文学,它首先是用来标榜文学现代性理念的一种修辞装置。为了走出"现实主义"的话语属性,我们应借鉴新马克思主义理论,将其还原到后发展国家文学发展的具体现场和脉络当中,使其历史原貌得以复原。同时,只有把现实主义定位为现代性产物,并在现代性框架中对其进行释义,我们才能够更加清晰地认识到现实主义在后发展国家所具有的特殊意义。

The idea of anti-essentialism that developed in the contemporary academic world contributes to a better understanding of the discursive property of concepts. With regard to the developing countries, the realism, which was not a self-generated literary style, was initially adopted as a rhetorical device to express the idea of modern literature. To explore outside the discursive frameworks of realism, this article seeks to analyze the realism in the specific context of literary history in the developing countries. The theory of neo-Marxism then helps to reveal the historic integrity of realism. It is fair to say that,only when we place the realism in the context of modernity and regard it as a product of modernity can we gain a clearer understanding of its particular significance in the developing countries.