寒冷地区缓冲带植物筛选及配置研究

Screening and Configuration of Plants for Riparian Buffer Zone in Cold Regions

为了在寒冷地区提高滨岸缓冲带对污染水体的净化效果。利用自行设计的小型试验装置模拟缓冲带,选择东北地区常见耐寒植物早熟禾、白花三叶草、紫羊茅,通过人工配水模拟农田径流水,进行不同草种、不同栽种方式以及不同坡度的缓冲带的净化效果试验研究。3种植物中白花三叶草径流TN的去除率最高,早熟禾对渗流TN和径流渗流TP的去除率均最高;在不同的栽种方式下,三种植物混栽对径流TN的去除率最高,两种植物混栽对渗流TN和径流渗流TP的去除率均最高;5%坡与35%的径流渗流去除率相差较小,可能与模拟试验坡长较短有关。在本试验条件下,早熟禾或与其它植物搭配种植作为寒冷地区缓冲带较理想的植物。

In order to improving the effects of runoff pollutants removal of herbaceous buffer strips in cold regions. The research on the effects of runoff pollutants removal was conducted in a self-designed lab-scale model. Three kinds of cold resistant plants（Var. annua, Trifoliumrepens, Subsp. rubra）were selected from northeast region. By using the artificial water of farmland runoff, the study carried out in different plants, different configuration ways of plantings and different slope. The results showed that, Trifoliumrepens had high removal capacity to TN in runoff, Var. annua had high removal capacity, with the removal rate of TN in seepage flow, and TP in seepage flow and runoff;the mixed planting of three plants had high removal capacity to TN in runoff, the mixed planting of two plants had high removal capacity with the removal rate of TN in seepage flow, and TP in seepage flow and runoff; 5% slope and 35% slope had small different in removal capacity, because the slope length is shorter.Under the condition of this test, Var. annua, Var. annua and other plants is the better plants to buffer zone for cold areas.Key words： Buffer strips; Runoff; Seepage flow; Planting way other plants is the better plants to buffer zone for cold areas.