钙离子参与硝酸盐信号网络

Calcium Participates in Nitrate Signal Network

氮是组成生物体基本结构的必需营养元素之一,同时也是参与产生能量及代谢路径中最重要的分子。植物的生长发育以及作物产量很大程度上取决于土壤中植物可获取氮的多少。硝酸盐作为自然和农业系统中植物或作物吸收的最重要的一种氮形式,不仅是一种营养物质,也是一种信号分子。目前农业作物的高产过分依赖于氮肥施用,但是滥用氮肥不仅成本高,而且破环自然环境。因此提高植物对氮素的利用效率已经成为当前亟待解决的问题。然而,我们在了解硝酸盐信号如何影响植物生理生化过程方面仍然存在许多不清楚的地方。了解植物是如何感知、吸收以及响应外界有效氮并揭示这其中的分子机制是开发和发展生物技术来实现氮素高效利用的重要的一步。本综述讨论了钙离子作为重要的第二信使参与硝酸盐信号网络,以及该信号网络中的其他的重要成员及其之间存在的联系,旨在为植物硝酸盐吸收以及氮素的高效利用提供借鉴。

Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients that forms the basic structure of living organism and is also the most important molecule involved in energy and metabolic pathways. The availability of nitrogen in the soil largely affects plant growth and crop yield. Nitrate, as the most important form of nitrogen absorbed by plants or crops in natural and agricultural systems, is not only a nutrient substance, but also a signal molecule. At present,overfertilization often occurs to maintain high yield of crops. However, but the use of nitrogen fertilizer is not only high cost, but also a natural environment. Therefore, improving plant nitrogen utilization efficiency has become an urgent issue. Nevertheless, it is not clear how nitrate affects physiological and biochemical processes in plants.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of how plants sense, utilize and respond to nitrate is the key toward developing biotechnology for using nitrogen more efficiently. In this article, we discuss the involvement of calcium as an important second messenger in the nitrate signaling network, and the relationship between this and other important components involved in nitrate signaling which are intended to provide reference for improving nitrogen utilization efficiency.