江苏主推粳稻品种的遗传多样性及产量优势分析

Genetic Diversity and Yield Dominance Analysis of Japonica Rice Varieties Widely Planted in Jiangsu Province

本研究利用SSR标记结合主要产量构成因子,对86个江苏主推常规粳稻品种的遗传多样性、产量演变以及优势互补进行分析。结果显示,50对SSR标记中41对具有多态性,41对多态性标记共扩增出113个等位基因,品种间的遗传相似系数范围为0.72~1.00,根据遗传相似系数可将86个品种分为3种类群,遗传聚类结果与江淮稻区生态型的划分高度一致。不同年度间Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类粳稻单产呈现出递增的趋势,以武运粳7号为代表的第Ⅲ类群品种穗粒结构较为协调。不同类群间品种配组的F_1优势比较显示,穗长和生育期因组合类型呈显著差异,表现出正向的超亲优势,且采用Ⅰ×Ⅲ,或者Ⅱ×Ⅲ的组合类型F_1优势较强,可能是江苏粳稻育种配组较为理想的模式。本研究结果为江淮稻区常规粳稻育种的亲本选择与配组提供了一定依据。

Th e geneti c diversity, yield evolution and complementary advantages of 86 japonica rice varieties widely planted in Jiangsu Province were analyzed by SSR markers combined with the main yield components in this study. The results showed that 41 pairs of SSR markers showed polymorphism among 50 pairs of SSR markers, from which 113 alleles were amplified. The intervarietal genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.72 to 1.00, and 86 cultivars could be divided into three groups based on genetic similarity coefficient, and the genetic cluster was highly consistent with the ecotype of Yangtze and Huaihe River rice area. The yield of Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲgroups of japonica rice in different years showed an increasing trend, and the panicle-spikelet structure of varieties in group Ⅲ, represented by Wu Yunjing 7, was coordinated. Heterosis analysis of the F1 hybrids of varieties among different groups showed that spike length and growth period were significantly different due to the type of combination, showing a positive heterobeltiosis, and F1 in Ⅰ×Ⅲ, or Ⅱ×Ⅲ combination type had a strong heterosis which might be the ideal model for Jiangsu japonica rice breeding. These results would provide a basis for parental selection and allocation of conventional japonica rice breeding in Yangtze and Huaihe River rice area.