石矿迹地植物综合恢复技术

Comprehensive Restoration Technique of Plant in Ore Area

针对唐山滦县椅子山采石场废弃地不同立地条件进行综合植被恢复,主要研究了5种灌木和6种草本植物及藤本植物在石矿迹地的生态恢复效果。对种植一年和三年后的石矿迹地边坡、平台和高陡岩质边坡种植的灌木、草本植物、爬山虎进行监测。主要测定了植物株高、径粗、冠幅和盖度等指标及对应种植区土壤的特性。研究表明:6种草本植物和5种灌木长势均茂盛,覆盖度高达90%。爬山虎在高陡岩质边坡飘台和平台上生长迅速,绿化效果良好。草本植物、灌木、爬山虎均对土壤养分、pH、电导率、土壤酶有改善作用,沙打旺和沙棘的改良效果最好。研究结果可为矿山废弃地生态重建中植被的综合治理提供实践依据。

The aim of this study was to investigate the comprehensive plant restoration of different site conditions of abandoned land in ore area of Yizishan in Luanxian. The ecological restoration effects of five shrubs, six herbaceous plants and vines were mainly discussed in this study. Shrub, herbaceous plant and Parthenocissus tricuspidata planted on slope, platform and high steep rock slope of ore area for one year and three years were detected. The plant height, diameter, crown width, and the characteristics of soil coverage index corresponding planting area were measured. The results showed that the growth of six herbs and five shrubs was flourishing, and the coverage of herbaceous plants was as high as 90%. Parthenocissus tricuspidata on high steep slope of floating platform and the platform grew rapidly and had a good greening effect. The growth of herbaceous plants, shrubs and Parthenocissus tricuspidata all had an improvement effect to the soil nutrients, pH, conductivity, and soil enzyme effect. The improvement effect of Leguminosae and Hippophae rhamnoides were the best. The study could provide practical basis for comprehensive treatment of mining wasteland ecological restoration of vegetation.