区块链共识算法研究与趋势分析

Research and Trend Analysis on Blockchain Consensus Algorithm

在区块链系统中,共识算法具有重要作用。它不仅协助节点保持数据一致,同时还对代币发行、攻击防范具有一定功能。从2009年第一个区块链系统诞生至今,随着区块链技术的成熟,区块链共识算法也在不断发展与完善,到如今已演变出多种分支。本文将从拜占庭问题以及比特币工作量证明机制为切入点,从安全、性能等角度分析主流共识算法(如PoW、PoS、DPoS)的优劣特点,然后以几种特殊算法为代表,梳理共识算法研究现状。最后,本文基于上述分析,对对区块链共识算法的发展前景进行展望。

Consensus algorithms often occupy an important part in blockchain system. They can not only help to maintain consistency of data among nodes, but also get involved in issuance of tokens and attack prevention. Since the first blockchain system was born in 2009, with the development of blockchain technology, the blockchain consensus algorithm has also been continuously developed and improved, and now it has evolved multiple branches. Starting from Byzantine Generals Problem and Proof Of Work（POW）, this paperwill enumerate the strengths and weaknesses of mainstream algorithms Po W, Po S, andDPo S in the angles of security, performance, etc.Then, this paperintroduces the research status in detail with several distinctive samples of consensus algorithms. At last, based on current application requirements and trends of related technology, we make the forecast of consensus algorithms in the future.