贫困儿童与家庭的公共服务需求状况及其影响因素分析

通过对"贫困儿童与家庭公共服务清单调查"分析,儿童安全与照护、营养与健康、教育与参与是贫困儿童及家庭的主要需求。在公共服务供给方面,旨在满足儿童普遍需要的公共服务供给较为充足;消除城乡差异的公共服务供给较不充足;满足贫困儿童中特殊需求的公共服务供给非常不充足。通过匹配分析可知,幼儿托护、儿童营养健康知识宣传和性教育宣传是城市贫困家庭和农村贫困家庭中供给严重不平衡的服务项目。无论城乡,平均受教育年限都是影响公共服务需求的重要因素,此外,贫困儿童与家庭对公共服务的需求亦受公共服务的执行的正向影响。基于此,针对贫困儿童及家庭的公共服务设计应当以需求为导向,回应贫困儿童及家庭在营养与健康、教育与参与、照护与安全方面的需求,使公共服务兼具"可及性"和"可得性"。

The Survey on Public Service List of Poor Children and Families presents that safety and care, nutrition and health, education and participation are the main needs of poor children and their families. The public service to meet the general needs of children is more adequate, while the public service to eliminate urban-rural differences is less adequate and the public service to meet the special needs of poor children is inadequate. Regardless of urban and rural areas, the average years of education are all important factors that affect the demand for public services. In addition, the demand for public services is also positively affected by the implementation of public services .In conclusion, the design of public services for poor children and their families should be demandoriented and responsive to the needs of nutrition and health, education and participation, care and safety,and make public services both accessible and availability.