民航空中乘务员年度体检疾病分布及特点

Distribution and characteristics of the diseases diagnosed in the annual physical examination for civil aviation stewards

目的 了解空中乘务员身体健康状况,针对不同性别乘务员疾病谱的特点制定不同的航卫保障工作重点,为把控客舱安全风险提供依据. 方法 收集2016年度南航广州4 016例乘务员的体检结论,统计男、女乘务员健康情况及疾病构成比,分析不同性别乘务员疾病谱的特点.男、女乘务员均按年龄分为＜30、30-39、≥40岁3组,比较不同年龄组主要疾病患病情况. 结果 空中乘务员体检结果异常率为68.15％.女性乘务员的疾病检出率高于男性乘务员（x^2=34.69,P＜0.01）.屈光不正位于乘务员体检疾病谱的首位,患病率达38.84％;其次为视力不良和高脂血症,患病率分别为9.74％和7.89％.位于男性乘务员体检疾病谱前3位的疾病为脂肪肝（19.15％）、高脂血症（17.94％）、高尿酸血症（17.83％）,均高于女性乘务员（x^2=164.38-413.67,P＜0.01）,且均为代谢相关疾病,健康风险较高;其患病率随年龄段递增而升高（x^2=33.53-107.47,P＜0.01）.④位于女性乘务员体检疾病谱前3位的疾病为屈光不正（49.00％）、视力不良（8.93％）、高脂血症（4.93％）.⑤不同年龄组女性乘务员子宫肌瘤、附件肿物患病率差异有统计学意义（x^2 =410.85、12.42,P＜0.01）;40岁以上年龄组子宫肌瘤患病率高达22.05％. 结论 虽然男性乘务员体检异常检出率低于女性乘务员,但是位于其体检疾病谱前3位的疾病均为代谢相关疾病,属心血管危险因素,存在较大的健康风险.女性乘务员的疾病构成主要是屈光不正,安全风险较低.女性乘务员妇科疾病患病率与年龄相关,应针对不同年龄段开展健康管理工作.对不同性别乘务员应开展有针对性的航卫保障工作.

Objective To investigate the civil aviation stewards＇ health condition,to decide the emphases of aeromedical support referring to the gender difference of disease spectrum and to provide reference on controlling cabin safety.Methods The conclusions of the physical examination of 4 016 civil aviation stewards in Guangzhou,China Southern Airlines in 2016 were collected to analyze the health and disease composition ratio of male and female stewards and the disease spectrum in different gender group.Both males and females were also analyzed upon different age groups （〈30 yr,30-39 yr and 〉40 yr）.Results ①The abnormal rate of the physical examination was 68.15%,and the female showed higher disease detection rate than the male （xe=34.69,P〈0.01）.② Ametropia ranked the first in the disease spectrum of stewards and the prevalence was 38.84%.Then the poor vision and hyperlipidemia those with the prevalence was 9.74% and 7.89% respectively.③The top 3 diseases in male＇s disease spectrum were fatty liver （19.15%）,hyperlipidemia （17.94%） and hyperuricemia （17.83%）,and higher than those of the female （x^2=164.38-413.67,P〈0.01）,which were all metabolic related diseases and were with high health risks.The prevalence of those was increased with age （x^2=33.53-107.47,P〈0.01）.④Ametropia （49.00%）,poor eyesight （8.93%） and hyperlipidemia （4.93 %） took the top 3 in female＇s disease spectrum.⑤The prevalence of uterine fibroids and adnexal masses in different age groups of the female was statistically significant （x^2=410.85,12.42,P〈0.01）.The prevalence of uterine fibroids in the female aged over 40 years was as high as 22.05%.Conclusions Although the male stewards have lower abnormal rate in physical examination than the female,but their top three diseases were metabolic related diseases which threaten to cardiovascular system and are high risk factors to health.The main disease in female stewards is ametropia that with relative lower risk to safety.The prevalence of the gynecological diseases in female stewards is correlated to age so it suggests the management for different age.The aeromedical support to stewards should consider the gender difference.