哈贝马斯的欧洲认同思想评析

Existence,Construction and Transcendence:Habermas's Theory of European Identity

哈贝马斯认为"欧洲"主要是从政治上界定的,一体化是欧洲特质的重要内容,欧洲认同是建构的产物,政治归属感不一定非要沿民族国家边界才能形成,可以利用民族国家认同的形成逻辑来培植欧洲认同。由地方和部落意识上升抽象为民族国家意识,再扩展为欧洲认同,最后形成世界公民意识,其集体认同理论呈现连续扩展和超越的逻辑脉络。他的欧洲认同主要源于西欧经验,未能真正摆脱欧洲中心论,他强调全球化造成同质化但又忽视地方化和"根性"意识的增强。以美国为对立面界定欧洲身份隐含着实力政治的危险因素,与他对世界主义的期待格格不入,对于欧洲认同向世界公民意识转化的论证也存在明显的逻辑矛盾和现实困境。

Habermas arg ues that the idea of "Europe" is largely political in nature and underpinned by European integration,and European identity is the product of cultural construction.The sense of political belonging does not necessarily depend on the border of the nation-state.His theory of collective identity presents a logical chain of continuous expansion and transcendence in which local and tribal consciousness is transformed into first national identity and then European identity,leading to the formation of cosmopolitan citizenship.His theory of European identity is mainly derived from Western European experiences and not completely free from the influence of Eurocentrism.He emphasizes homogenization which is caused by globalization,but overlooks localization and growing local consciousness.By defining America as the opposite side of European identity,Habermas runs the risk of power politics,which is incompatible with his advocation of cosmopolitanism.There are also obvious logical contradictions and realistic difficulties in his notion of the transformation from European identity into cosmopolitan citizenship.