穿过遗忘的迷雾——石黑一雄《被掩埋的巨人》中的记忆书写

Through the Forgetting Fog: Memory Writing in Kazuo Ishiguro's The Buried Giant

石黑一雄关注记忆,特别是创伤记忆运作的方式;他小说中的记忆书写都是通过个体回忆碎片化的过去,来再现个体和集体所经历的创伤,是创伤社会化的结果。小说《被掩埋的巨人》中,石黑一雄将个体的创伤经历置于历史事件大背景之下,从个人和集体两方面呈现记忆的恢复、创伤的修复以及历史的重建过程。本文将该小说解读为一个隐喻性的文本,认为石黑一雄的真正"意图"在于以奇幻为掩护来探讨记忆、遗忘、创伤、历史等关乎人类命运的议题,体现出小说独特的记忆书写维度。小说以奇幻手法、寓言性的疏离为媒介,围绕创伤记忆与历史遗忘主题,提出了更为深刻的、困扰着当下文明社会的问题,体现出石黑一雄作品反思生命意义、深度观照历史的特点。

Kazuo Ishlguro focuses on memory, especially the way traumatic memory operates. Through individual recollections of the fragmental past, memory writing in his novels represents traumas experienced by individuals and collectivities, which are results of the socialization of traumas. In The Buried Giant, Kazuo Ishiguro sets individual traumatic experiences against the background of historical events to show the processes of memory recovery, trauma repair and history reconstruction from individual and collective aspects. This thesis interprets the novel as a metaphorical text, and holds that the real ＂intention＂ of Kazuo Ishiguro is to explore issues concerning human destinies under the cover of fantasy, including memory, forgetting, trauma, history, etc., which reflects the unique dimension of memory writing in the novel. With its fantasy tactics and fabled estrangement, the novel centers on the theme of traumatic memory and historical forgetting, raises the deeper issues troubling present civilized societies, and manifests a reflection on the meaning of life and deep contemplation of histories, which is characteristic of Kazuo Ishiguro＇s works.