聚合与扩散:苏联第11设计院与第一颗原子弹的研制

Aggregation and Proliferation:the 11th Design Institute and the Soviet Union's First Atomic Bomb

1949年8月29日,苏联成功实爆第一颗原子弹,从而打破了美国的核垄断。为了研制第一颗原子弹,苏联把当时国内较为优越的物质配置、先进的仪器设备、优秀的科技精英等,聚合在封闭而秘密的科研中心第11设计院,实行理论—实验—设计—生产四位一体的运行模式,成功完成了与第一颗原子弹研制相关的任务。虽然苏联第一颗原子弹在整体原理构架图上借鉴了美国的"小胖子"原子弹,但它的每一个零部件都是苏联科学家经过无数次实验自主研发和设计的。第一颗原子弹实爆之后,第11设计院继续研发新型核武器和热核武器,积极地向新建的科研机构和国防企业输送人才。通过这些活动,第11设计院在增强苏联国防实力、保卫国防安全中的作用和影响力持续扩散。

The first nuclear bomb was successfully exploded by the Soviet Union on August 29,1949,breaking the U.S.nuclear monopoly.For the development of the first atomic bomb,the Soviet Union aggregated the superior material allocation,advanced equipment,outstanding scientific and technological elites at the time in the closed and secret research center No.11 Design Institute.It implemented the four-in-one operation mode of theory,experiment,design and production,and successfully completed the mission related to the development of the first atomic bomb.The first atomic bomb of the Soviet Union borrowed the overall principle framework of the＂fat little＂atomic bomb of the United States,but each of its components was independently developed and designed by Soviet scientists through countless experiments.Following the detonation of the first atomic bomb,the 11th Design Institute continued to develop new types of nuclear weapons and thermonuclear weapons,as well as actively delivered talents to the newly-built scientific research institutions and defense enterprises.Through these activities,the 11th Design Institute’s role and influence in enhancing national defense strength and safeguarding national security continued to spread.