从文学地域、文学地理到文学地图——空间视角下的文学地理学

From Literary Region, Literary Geography to Literary Map:Literary Geography from the Spatial Dimension

文学地理学当前出现的泛化、机械化、片面化等误区和困境,源于空间意识的不够自觉和学科定位的不够明晰。从空间维度切入思考,则首先应回归文学地理学的基点,将过去统而论之的文地关系细化为"地理→作品""地理→地域→作家→作品""地理→作家→作品"三种作用机制,从而形成文学地域、文学地理、文学地图三种空间视角。地域视角侧重发掘地域文化,地理视角重点关注地理分布,地图视角以可视化的空间形态揭示文学规律与文化意蕴。在空间视角下,文学地理学笼统的学术脉络将呈现为从文学地域、文学地理到文学地图的发展轨迹,泛化的研究范围也能有更清晰的边界和定位。

The study of literary geography is now falling into the misconception and predicament of being generalized, rigidified and lopsided, which is due to the insufficient consciousness of spatial dimensions and the inadequate clarity of disciplinary positioning. From the spatial dimension, our study has to return to the starting point of literary geography, refining the former generalized relationship between literature and regions into three mechanisms of ＂geography→works＂, ＂geography→region→writer→works＂, and ＂geography→writer→works＂, and therefore take the three-dimen- sion perspective of literary region, literary geography and literary map. The dimension of literary region focuses more on the study of regional culture, while the dimension of literary geography concentrates on the geographic distribution and the dimension of literary map tries to show the literary patterns and cultural implication through visually spatial forms. From this spatial dimension, the generalized academic style in the past will be refined into the evolutional path from literary region and literary geography to literary map and the generalized study will also be well defined in boundary and position fixing.