大数据思维下教育发展机遇与挑战的再思考

Rethinking the Opportunities and Challenges of Educational Development in the Age of Big Data

随着教育信息化的持续推进,教育正在被大数据化。针对大数据环境下如何推动教育发展这一具有重要理论与实践价值的问题,文章基于文献分析、认知模型分析大数据思维的特征及其带来的机遇与挑战,提出了教育信息化2.0和大数据思维的概念,并发现:(1)在由教育发展的技术化浪潮带来的思维惯性之外,需要在深刻理解大数据和大数据思维的基础上重新审视其对教育发展带来的机遇与挑战;(2)信息的数据化带来了人脑处理能力无限扩容的颠覆性变革,进而使得个性化学习、因材施教的理想教育在大数据时代获得了现实可能性,但也对我们的思考与创新能力提出了重大挑战;(3)由此,需要在更精准认识教育行为的条件下提出教育的创新方案,进而主动引导、改造教育行为和数据的生成、交换、关联和应用的流程与机制,在动态优化建模与动态决策的基础上实现大数据环境下的定制化高效率学习。

With the continuous development of education informationizaiton, education is being digitalized. In the big data environment, how to promote educational development has important theoretical and practical value. This paper adopts literature analysis and cognitive model to analyze the characteristics of big data thinking and its opportunities and challenges, and proposes the concept of education informationization 2.0 and big data thinking. The paper finds that：（1） In addition to the psychological inertia brought by technology wave, it is necessary to reconsider the opportunities and challenges of education development on the basis of deep understanding of big data and big data thinking;（2） Information digitalization has brought about disruptive change of unlimited processing capacity of human brain, which makes personalized learning and teaching according to aptitude possible, and also poses great challenges to our thinking and innovation;（3） It is suggested that the innovative scheme of education should be put forward under more accurate understanding of educational behaviors, which can be used to positively guide and transform the process and mechanism to generate, exchange, correlate and apply educational behaviors and data, and to achieve customized and efficient learning in big data environment based on dynamic optimization modeling and decision making.