13～16世纪山会平原水乡景观的形成与水利塑造

Water Landscape Formation and Water Conservancy in the Shanhui Plain from the 13th to the 15th Centuries

南宋鉴湖垦废后,山会平原南部由大片水域转变为各种破碎化水体,这些水体是泥沙自然淤积后人为垦殖产生淤积带后形成的。这一过程也为平原水网景观的形成奠定了条件。以鉴湖为中心的水利系统废弃后,南部溪水及西来的江水排入内河,治河成为山会平原水利重点。地方官员的治理从分流浦阳江到置闸西小江上,并在嘉靖年间通过修筑三江大闸,完成平原水利系统构建。整个平原水利呈现出由湖泊蓄水灌溉系统,向三江闸及各级闸堰系统转变趋势,水文生态变化推动着水利工程系统的变化。而水利工程的推进,又最终完成了平原河网水乡的景观塑造。

With the wasteland reclamation in Jianhu Lake area in the Southern Song Dynasty,the large tracts of water in the southern part of the Shanhui Plain were turned into fragmented bodies of water,which were the result of human reclamation of the naturally formed silt zone. This process also laid the foundation for the water network landscape of the plain. After the water conservancy system was abandoned at Jianhu Lake,water from rivers in the south and the west flew directly into the inland waterways. River regulation thus became the focus of the water conservancy works on the Shanhui Plain.The local government completed the water conservancy system on the plain by diverting Puyang River and building a water gate at Xixiaojiang River and the Sanjiang Gate in the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. The water conservancy system of the plain was changing from a lake water storage irrigation system to a network system based on the Sanjiang Gate and other water gates. The changes in hydrological ecology caused the changes in the hydraulic engineering system,which in turn shaped the plain＇ s river network landscape.