“积习难返”:日常性违规的生成机理及其后果

Normalization of Deviance: Rationale and Consequence of Daily Violation

日常性违规普遍存在于风险规制、安全监管、执法、组织系统管理等众多领域,然而,其生成机理、性质及后果并没有被充分认识。大量的微小违规行为经历了被忽略、被接受、被重复,进而常态化的过程,成为日常性的实践。因此,日常性违规在本质上已经从一种孤立的、外在的、客观性的行动,发展演化为一种系统性、内在化的社会文化心理。而一旦形成具有行动和认知意义的违规文化,就会因其具有的历史惯性、对日常生活的巨大渗透性和对正式制度的腐蚀性,变得难以被打破,难以被改变。正是基于这样一种认识,认真对待日常实践,而不止于认真对待大事件,是法律实施的关键所在。

Daily violation commonly exists in the fields of risk control,safety inspection,law enforcement,and organizational management. However,the rationale,essence and consequence of daily violation are not fully discussed and understood. A mass of minor violations are ignored,accepted,practiced and finally normalized in the daily practice. As a consequence,the essence of daily violation has been transformed from an individual,extrinsic and objective behavior into a kind of systematic and internalized socio-cultural psychology. Such a culture of deviance owns the meanings in terms of action and cognition. It has historical inertia,great permeability to daily life,as well as corrosive impact upon formal system,which brings forth challenges towards behavioral change. The study of daily violation then has implication for law enforcement： it is necessary to pay more attention upon problems in daily practice.