新中国的大学校长职业发展模式:基于政府话语的分析

The Career Development Model of University Presidents in New China:An Analysis Based on Official Discourse

立足于政府文本分析透视新中国成立以来大学校长不同阶段的职业发展历程,总体而言,新中国成立以来的大学校长职业发展存在着典型的发展模式。从社会维度看,新中国大学校长职业发展历程经历了1949年到1978年的"总体性社会"和1978至今的"治理型社会"两个历史时期。在这两个历史时期中,大学校长职业依赖的主要策略是"权力依赖"和"资源依赖"。随着总体型社会向治理型社会的逐渐发展,从国家赋予或改革大学校长职业发展的模式上看,主要体现为三种策略:权力-强制策略、经验-合理策略、规范-教育策略。随着这些方式逐渐递进发展,新中国成立以来的大学校长职业发展趋势也逐渐体现出从"职务校长"到"职业校长"的两种主要发展趋势。

Through the analysis of the official text discourse,the paper analyzes the career development course of the university presidents in different stages since the founding of new China. Generally speaking,there are some typical models of university presidents ＇ career development in New China：from the perspective of social dimension,the career development of new Chinese university presidents has experienced the ＂General society＂ from1949 to 1978,and the ＂governance-oriented society＂ in the past 40 years. The main way of the university presidents＇ occupation dependence is ＂power dependence＂ and ＂resource dependence＂ in these two historical periods. With the gradual development of the general society to the governing society,the way of the state to give or reform the university presidents ＇ career development is mainly embodied in three strategys：power-coercive strategy,experience-rational strategy,and norm-education strategy. With the gradual development of these strategys,the trend of university presidents ＇ career development in new China has gradually reflected the main trends from ＂the position principal＂ to ＂the professional headmaster＂.