孕鼠常见微波暴露对仔鼠行为发育及认知的影响

Effects of prenatal exposures to common microwaves on behavioral development and cognition of offspring rats

[目的]探究孕鼠暴露于常见微波频段对仔鼠行为发育及认知的影响。[方法]健康7周龄SPF级Wistar大鼠36只,雌雄鼠比例为2∶1,合笼交配后将孕鼠随机分为四组(单暴露组、双暴露组、与暴露组对应的两个对照组),每组6只。单暴露组接受1.8 GHz(常见的手机信号频段)微波;双暴露组接受1.8 GHz和2.4 GHz(常见的WiFi频段)叠加的微波,微波强度均为1.0 mW/cm2。暴露时间为12 h/d,从孕0 d至孕20 d。暴露期间动物自由饮水和饮食,背景条件稳定。暴露完成后,观察并测量仔鼠的生理发育和行为发育指标,仔鼠7周龄后取海马组织,用高效液相色谱仪检测海马中4种神经递质(谷氨酸、甘氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、天冬氨酸)含量。[结果]两个对照组的指标差异无统计学意义,予以合并。单暴露组和双暴露组仔鼠的体重[(5.61±0.47)g和(5.36±0.53)g]低于合并对照组[(6.02±0.59)g],睁眼时间[(16.67±0.52)d和(17.00±0.00)d]长于合并对照组[(15.40±0.52)d],前肢悬挂达标日龄[(10.17±0.41)d和(10.17±0.41)d]短于合并对照组[(10.80±0.63)d],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。双暴露组的谷氨酸表达量[(589.89±84.04)μg/g]低于合并对照组[(741.00±151.58)μg/g]和单暴露组[(742.91±274.95)μg/g](均P<0.05),其余3种神经递质表达量组间差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。[结论]孕鼠暴露于1.8 GHz和2.4 GHz叠加微波场,对仔鼠行为发育及认知有负面影响。

[Objective] To explore the effects of prenatal exposures to common microwaves on behavioral development and cognition of offspring rats.[Methods] Thirty-six healthy 7-week-old SPF Wistar rats（female∶male=2∶1） were mated,and the pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups（single exposure group,double exposure group,single exposure control group,and double exposure control group）,six rats in each group.The single exposure group received 1.8 GHz（common mobile phone frequency） microwave exposure;the double exposure group received 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz（common WiFi frequency） combined microwave exposures.The exposure of the two groups lasted from 0 to 20 pregnant days,12 hours per day,with power density of 1.0 m W/cm^2.The animals in each group were all free to drink and eat during exposure,and the environmental background conditions were stable.After exposure,the indicators of physiological development and behavioral development of offspring rats were observed and measured.HPLC was used to detect the levels of amino acid neurotransmitters including glusate,glycine,γ-aminobutyric acid,and aspartic acid in hippocampus of offspring rats at 7 weeks old.[Results] All indicators were not different between the two control groups and were merged therefore.The body weights of offspring rats in the single exposure group [（5.61±0.47） g] and the double exposure group [（5.36±0.53） g] were lower than that of the combined control group [（6.02±0.59） g];the eye opening time [（16.67±0.52） d and（17.00±0.00） d] was longer than that of the combined control group [（15.40±0.52） d];the forelimb hanging time [（10.17±0.41） d and（10.17±0.41） d] was shorter than that of the combined control group [（10.80±0.63） d]（Ps0.05）.The glutamic acid expression of the double exposures group [（589.89±84.04） μg/g] was lower than that of the control group [（741.00±151.58） μg/g] and the single exposure group [（742.91±274.95） μg/g]（Ps0.05）.No differences were found in the other three neurotransmitters（Ps 〉0.05）.[Conclusion] Maternal exposures to 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz combined microwaves could have negative influences on the behavioral development and cognition of offspring rats.